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Blood, 26 March 2009, Vol. 113, No. 13, pp. 3070-3079. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 29, 2009; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-03-147207.
MYELOID NEOPLASIA CBFβ is critical for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity1 Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH; 2 Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; 3 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; 4 Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; 5 Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH; and 6 Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 are chimeric proteins resulting from the t(8;21)(q22;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia, and the t(12;21)(p13;q22) in pre-B-cell leukemia, respectively. The Runt domain of AML1 in both proteins mediates DNA binding and heterodimerization with the core binding factor β (CBFβ) subunit. To determine whether CBFβ is required for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity, we introduced amino acid substitutions into the Runt domain that disrupt heterodimerization with CBFβ but not DNA binding. We show that CBFβ contributes to AML1-ETO's inhibition of granulocyte differentiation, is essential for its ability to enhance the clonogenic potential of primary mouse bone marrow cells, and is indispensable for its cooperativity with the activated receptor tyrosine kinase TEL-PDGFβR in generating acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Similarly, CBFβ is essential for TEL-AML1's ability to promote self-renewal of B cell precursors in vitro. These studies validate the Runt domain/CBFβ interaction as a therapeutic target in core binding factor leukemias.
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