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Blood, 23 April 2009, Vol. 113, No. 17, pp. 3978-3989. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 23, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-10-182709. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Table and Figure All Versions of this Article: blood-2008-10-182709v1 113/17/3978    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ferre, A. L. Articles by Shacklett, B. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ferre, A. L. Articles by Shacklett, B. L. Related Collections Immunobiology Clinical Trials and Observations Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  IMMUNOBIOLOGY Mucosal immune responses to HIV-1 in elite controllers: a potential correlate of immune control April L. Ferre1, Peter W. Hunt2, J. William Critchfield1, Delandy H. Young1, Megan M. Morris1, Juan C. Garcia3, Richard B. Pollard4, Hal F. Yee, Jr5, Jeffrey N. Martin6, Steven G. Deeks2, and Barbara L. Shacklett1,4 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California–Davis; 2 Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco; 3 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California–Davis; 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis; 5 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California–San Francisco; and 6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California–San Francisco There exists a unique group of persons who are able to durably control HIV in the absence of therapy. The mechanisms of control in these persons remain poorly defined. In this study, we examined CD8+ T-cell responses in blood and rectal mucosa from 17 "elite controllers" (viral load < 75 copies/mL), 11 "viremic controllers" (75-2000 copies/mL), 14 noncontrollers (> 10 000 copies/mL), and 10 antiretroviral-treated persons (< 75 copies/mL). Production of interferon-, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and CD107a by CD8+ T cells in response to HIV-1 Gag stimulation was measured using flow cytometry. Our hypothesis was that "polyfunctional" T cells producing multiple antiviral factors would be most abundant in mucosal tissues of HIV controllers. Mucosal CD8+ T-cell responses were significantly stronger and more complex in controllers than in antiretroviral-suppressed persons (P = .0004). The frequency of 4-function responses in rectal mucosa was higher in controllers than in noncontrollers and patients on therapy (P < .0001). Mucosal responses in controllers were frequently stronger and more complex than blood responses. These findings demonstrate that many controllers mount strong, complex HIV-specific T-cell responses in rectal mucosa. These responses may play an important role in mucosal immune surveillance, as suggested by their relative enrichment among persons who control HIV in the absence of therapy. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: X.-L. Huang, Z. Fan, L. Borowski, and C. R. Rinaldo Multiple T-Cell Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Are Enhanced by Dendritic Cells Clin. Vaccine Immunol., October 1, 2009; 16(10): 1504 - 1516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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