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 Blood, 15 January 2009, Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 671-674.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 17, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-09-175000.

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PHAGOCYTES, GRANULOCYTES, AND MYELOPOIESIS

Brief report

Cellular microRNA expression correlates with susceptibility of monocytes/macrophages to HIV-1 infection

Xu Wang1, Li Ye1, Wei Hou1, Yu Zhou1, Yan-Jian Wang1, David S. Metzger2, and Wen-Zhe Ho1

1 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes Jr Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and 2 Department of Psychiatry, The Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia

Although both monocytes and macrophages possess essential requirements for HIV-1 entry, peripheral blood monocytes are infrequently infected with HIV-1 in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro are highly susceptible to infection with HIV-1 R5 tropic strains. We investigated intracellular anti–HIV-1 factors that contribute to differential susceptibility of monocytes/macrophages to HIV-1 infection. Freshly isolated monocytes from peripheral blood had significantly higher levels of the anti–HIV-1 microRNAs (miRNA, miRNA-28, miRNA-150, miRNA-223, and miRNA-382) than monocyte-derived macrophages. The suppression of these anti–HIV-1 miRNAs in monocytes facilitates HIV-1 infectivity, whereas increase of the anti–HIV-1 miRNA expression in macrophages inhibited HIV-1 replication. These findings provide compelling and direct evidence at the molecular level to support the notion that intracellular anti–HIV-1 miRNA-mediated innate immunity may have a key role in protecting monocytes/macrophages from HIV-1 infection.


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