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Blood, 27 August 2009, Vol. 114, No. 9, pp. 1859-1863.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 1, 2009; DOI 10.1182/blood-2009-01-198416.


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MYELOID NEOPLASIA

Brief Report

Mutations in CBL occur frequently in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

Mignon L. Loh1, Debbie S. Sakai1, Christian Flotho2, Michelle Kang1, Manfred Fliegauf2, Sophie Archambeault1, Charles G. Mullighan3, Leslie Chen1, Eva Bergstraesser4, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos5, Peter D. Emanuel6, Henrik Hasle7, Jean-Pierre Issa4, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink8, Franco Locatelli9, Jan Stary10, Monica Trebo11, Marcin Wlodarski2, Marco Zecca9, Kevin M. Shannon1, and Charlotte M. Niemeyer2

1 Department of Pediatrics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco; 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 3 Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; 4 Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; 5 Department of Leukemia, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; 6 Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Arkansas, Little Rock; 7 Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; 8 Dutch Children's Oncology Group, Erasmus-MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 9 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Pavia, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; 10 Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; and 11 St Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is an aggressive myeloproliferative disorder characterized by malignant transformation in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment with proliferation of differentiated progeny. Seventy-five percent of patients harbor mutations in the NF1, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11 genes, which encode components of Ras signaling networks. Using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, we identified a region of 11q isodisomy that contains the CBL gene in several JMML samples, and subsequently identified CBL mutations in 27 of 159 JMML samples. Thirteen of these mutations alter codon Y371. In this report, we also demonstrate that CBL and RAS/PTPN11 mutations were mutually exclusive in these patients. Moreover, the exclusivity of CBL mutations with respect to other Ras pathway-associated mutations indicates that CBL may have a role in deregulating this key pathway in JMML.


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M. R. McKeller, R. S. Robetorye, P. L. M. Dahia, and R. C. T. Aguiar
Integrity of the CBL gene in mature B-cell malignancies
Blood, November 5, 2009; 114(19): 4321 - 4322.
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