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FR Appelbaum, MA Cheever, A Fefer, R Storb and ED Thomas
Two patients with aplastic anemia were treated with high-dose
cyclophosphamide and marrow transplantation from their normal, genetically
identical twin. Both patients rapidly recovered normal marrow function, but
marrow failure recurred 13 and 18 months later. Because donor and host
pairs were identical twins, these cases of graft failure could not have
resulted from the usual cause of graft failure, ie, immunological
reactivity of host cells against unshared minor histocompatibility antigens
of the donor. These results imply that there are at least two mechanisms
responsible for graft failure after marrow transplantation for severe
aplastic anemia.
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