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The clinical significance of cytogenetic studies in 100 patients with
multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, or amyloidosis
GW Dewald, RA Kyle, GA Hicks and PR Greipp
Chromosome studies were done on 82 patients with multiple myeloma, 11 with
amyloidosis, 2 with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis, and 5 with plasma
cell leukemia to investigate their chromosomal abnormalities and to
determine the usefulness of cytogenetic studies. A chromosomally abnormal
clone was found in 29 patients but was observed most often in those with
active disease: in 18% of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma,
in 63% with aggressive disease, and in 40% with plasma cell leukemia.
Survival among the newly diagnosed patients was significantly shorter (P =
.0089) for those in whom an abnormal clone was identified (median survival,
six months) than for those in whom only normal metaphases were observed
(median survival, greater than 12 months). Among all of the patients,
survival from the time of chromosome analysis was shorter for those in whom
a chromosomally abnormal clone was found: the median survival was three
months for patients with all abnormal metaphases and eight months for
patients with normal and abnormal metaphases and has not yet been reached
for patients with only normal metaphases. The most common anomalous
chromosomes in patients with a plasma cell proliferative disorder were 1,
11, and 14: 11 patients had an abnormality involving chromosome 14q32 and
nine patients had an anomalous chromosome 11. The single most common
abnormality, a t(11;14)(q13;q32), occurred in three patients. Among the
patients who developed preleukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, the
most common anomaly involved chromosome 7. The results suggest that
cytogenetic studies are useful for identifying patients who have a poor
prognosis and can help distinguish patients with a cytopenia because of
preleukemia from those with an aggressive plasma cell proliferative
process.
Volume 66,
Issue 2,
pp. 380-390,
08/01/1985
Copyright © 1985 by The American Society of Hematology
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