|
|
Next Article 
Immunologic classification of leukemia and lymphoma
KA Foon and RF Todd
Important insights into leukocyte differentiation and the cellular origins
of leukemia and lymphoma have been gained through the use of monoclonal
antibodies that define cell surface antigens and molecular probes that
identify immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Results of these studies
have been combined with markers such as surface membrane and cytoplasmic
immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes, sheep erythrocyte receptors on T
lymphocytes, and cytochemical stains. Using all of the above markers, it is
now clear that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is heterogeneous.
Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies that identify B cells, such as the
anti-B1 and anti-B4 antibodies in combination with studies of
immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, have demonstrated that virtually all
cases of non-T-ALL are malignancies of B cell origin. At least six distinct
subgroups of non-T-ALL can now be identified. T-ALL is subdivided by the
anti-Leu-9, anti-Leu-1, and antibodies that separate T lymphocyte subsets
into three primary subgroups. Monoclonal antibodies are also useful in the
subclassification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and certain distinct markers
can be correlated with morphologic classification. The cellular origin of
the malignant Reed-Sternberg cell in Hodgkin's disease remains uncertain. A
substantial number of investigators favor a myelocyte/macrophage origin
based on cytochemical staining; however, consistent reactivity with
antimonocyte reagents has not been demonstrated. Although monoclonal
antibodies are useful in distinguishing acute myeloid from acute lymphoid
leukemias, they have less certain utility in the subclassification of acute
myelogenous leukemia (AML). Attempts to subclassify AML by differentiation-
associated antigens rather than by the French-American-British (FAB)
classification are underway in order to document the potential prognostic
utility of surface markers. Therapeutic trials using monoclonal antibodies
in leukemia and lymphoma have been reported. Intravenous (IV) infusion of
unlabeled antibodies is the most widely used method; transient responses
have been demonstrated. Antibodies conjugated to radionuclides have been
quite successful in localizing tumors of less than 1 cm in some studies.
Therapy trials with antibodies conjugated to isotopes, toxins, and drugs
are currently planned. Purging of autologous bone marrow with monoclonal
antibodies and complement in vitro has been used in ALL and non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma; preliminary data suggest that this approach may be an effective
therapy and may circumvent many of the obstacles and toxicities associated
with in vivo monoclonal antibody infusion.
Volume 68,
Issue 1,
pp. 1-31,
07/01/1986
Copyright © 1986 by The American Society of Hematology
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. M. Rowe, G. Buck, A. K. Burnett, R. Chopra, P. H. Wiernik, S. M. Richards, H. M. Lazarus, I. M. Franklin, M. R. Litzow, N. Ciobanu, et al.
Induction therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of more than 1500 patients from the international ALL trial: MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993
Blood,
December 1, 2005;
106(12):
3760 - 3767.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Orfao, G. Schmitz, B. Brando, A. Ruiz-Arguelles, G. Basso, R. Braylan, G. Rothe, F. Lacombe, F. Lanza, S. Papa, et al.
Clinically Useful Information Provided by the Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Hematological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Directions
Clin. Chem.,
October 1, 1999;
45(10):
1708 - 1717.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Jennings and K. A. Foon
Recent Advances in Flow Cytometry: Application to the Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancy
Blood,
October 15, 1997;
90(8):
2863 - 2892.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. N. Rezuke, E. C. Abernathy, and G. J. Tsongalis
Molecular diagnosis of B- and T-cell lymphomas: fundamental principles and clinical applications
Clin. Chem.,
October 1, 1997;
43(10):
1814 - 1823.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Foon, K. R. Rai, and R. P. Gale
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: New Insights into Biology and Therapy
Ann Intern Med,
October 1, 1990;
113(7):
525 - 539.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Kamel-Reid, M Letarte, C Sirard, M Doedens, T Grunberger, G Fulop, M. Freedman, R. Phillips, and J. Dick
A model of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia in immune-deficient SCID mice
Science,
December 22, 1989;
246(4937):
1597 - 1600.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Seremetis, G Inghirami, D Ferrero, E. Newcomb, D. Knowles, G. Dotto, and R Dalla-Favera
Transformation and plasmacytoid differentiation of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts by ras oncogenes
Science,
February 3, 1989;
243(4891):
660 - 663.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Goyert, E Ferrero, W. Rettig, A. Yenamandra, F Obata, and M. Le Beau
The CD14 monocyte differentiation antigen maps to a region encoding growth factors and receptors
Science,
January 29, 1988;
239(4839):
497 - 500.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Miller
Clinical and Biologic Features of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Clinical Pediatrics,
December 1, 1987;
26(12):
623 - 630.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Patten
Immunohematologic Diseases
JAMA,
November 27, 1987;
258(20):
2945 - 2951.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
