|
|
 Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article 
Estimates of iron sufficiency in the US population
JD Cook, BS Skikne, SR Lynch and ME Reusser
Traditionally the iron status of a population is assessed by estimating the
prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. This approach is inadequate in
countries where the diet is heavily fortified with iron because it conveys
no information about the iron-replete segment of the population. In the
present study iron status of a US adult population was evaluated using data
collected in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES II). Body iron was estimated in each of 2,829 individuals from
measurements of hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin, transferrin
saturation, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. When individuals between 18 and
64 years of age were divided on the basis of sex and menstrual status, body
iron reserves were normally distributed and averaged 309 mg in women 18 to
44 years, 608 mg in women 45 to 64 years, and 776 mg in men 18 to 64 years.
The dispersion of storage iron in these groups was similar, with standard
deviations of 346, 372, and 313 mg, respectively. The prevalence of iron
deficiency anemia was surprisingly low, ranging from only 0.2% in adult men
to 2.6% and 1.9% in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively.
Epidemiologic methods that examine iron status in the entire population
assume importance in light of evidence that in certain segments of the US
population, iron deficiency anemia is now less common than the homozygous
state for hereditary hemochromatosis.
Volume 68,
Issue 3,
pp. 726-731,
09/01/1986
Copyright © 1986 by The American Society of Hematology
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
E. H.J.M. Kemna, H. Tjalsma, H. L. Willems, and D. W. Swinkels
Reply to: [Comment to: Hepcidin: from discovery to differential diagnosis. Haematologica 2008; 93:90-7]
Haematologica,
June 1, 2008;
93(6):
e52 - e52.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rahn and J. D. Haas
Stressor exposure increases depressive mood in iron deficient Hispanic American women
FASEB J,
April 1, 2007;
21(6):
A1116 - A1116.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Swain, L. K. Johnson, and J. R. Hunt
Electrolytic Iron or Ferrous Sulfate Increase Body Iron in Women with Moderate to Low Iron Stores
J. Nutr.,
March 1, 2007;
137(3):
620 - 627.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Seaverson, J. S. Buell, D. J. Fleming, O. I. Bermudez, N. Potischman, R. J. Wood, L. Chasan-Taber, and K. L. Tucker
Poor Iron Status Is More Prevalent in Hispanic Than in Non-Hispanic White Older Adults in Massachusetts
J. Nutr.,
February 1, 2007;
137(2):
414 - 420.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Van Thuy, J. Berger, Y. Nakanishi, N. C. Khan, S. Lynch, and P. Dixon
The Use of NaFeEDTA-Fortified Fish Sauce Is an Effective Tool for Controlling Iron Deficiency in Women of Childbearing Age in Rural Vietnam
J. Nutr.,
November 1, 2005;
135(11):
2596 - 2601.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Cook, C. H. Flowers, and B. S. Skikne
The quantitative assessment of body iron
Blood,
May 1, 2003;
101(9):
3359 - 3363.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Beutler, A. V. Hoffbrand, and J. D. Cook
Iron Deficiency and Overload
Hematology,
January 1, 2003;
2003(1):
40 - 61.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Ramakrishnan, E. Kuklina, and A. D Stein
Iron stores and cardiovascular disease risk factors in women of reproductive age in the United States
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
December 1, 2002;
76(6):
1256 - 1260.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J Fleming, K. L Tucker, P. F Jacques, G. E Dallal, P. W. Wilson, and R. J Wood
Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
December 1, 2002;
76(6):
1375 - 1384.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D H. Rushton, R. Dover, A. W Sainsbury, M. J Norris, J. J H Gilkes, and I. D Ramsay
Why should women have lower reference limits for haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations than men?
BMJ,
June 2, 2001;
322(7298):
1355 - 1357.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Whittaker, P. R. Tufaro, and J. I. Rader
Iron and Folate in Fortified Cereals
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,
June 1, 2001;
20(3):
247 - 254.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J Fleming, P. F Jacques, K. L Tucker, J. M Massaro, R. B D'Agostino Sr, P. W. Wilson, and R. J Wood
Iron status of the free-living, elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort: an iron-replete population with a high prevalence of elevated iron stores
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
March 1, 2001;
73(3):
638 - 646.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H Bothwell
Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
July 1, 2000;
72(1):
257S - 264.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Garry, W. C. Hunt, and R. N. Baumgartner
Effects of Iron Intake on Iron Stores in Elderly Men and Women: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Results
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,
April 1, 2000;
19(2):
262 - 269.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. I. Zhu and J. D. Haas
Altered metabolic response of iron-depleted nonanemic women during a 15-km time trial
J Appl Physiol,
May 1, 1998;
84(5):
1768 - 1775.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. N. Tran, S. K. Eubanks, K. J. Schaffer, C. Y.J. Zhou, and M. C. Linder
Secretion of Ferritin by Rat Hepatoma Cells and Its Regulation by Inflammatory Cytokines and Iron
Blood,
December 15, 1997;
90(12):
4979 - 4986.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. J. Bulaj, L. M. Griffen, L. B. Jorde, C. Q. Edwards, and J. P. Kushner
Clinical and Biochemical Abnormalities in People Heterozygous for Hemochromatosis
N. Engl. J. Med.,
December 12, 1996;
335(24):
1799 - 1805.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
