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Experimental transmission and pathogenesis of immunodeficiency syndrome in
cats
EA Hoover, JI Mullins, SL Quackenbush and PW Gasper
Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
We describe the identification, experimental transmission, and pathogenesis
of a naturally occurring powerfully immunosuppressive isolate of feline
leukemia virus (designated here as FeLV-FAIDS) which induces fatal acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 100% (25 of 25) of persistently viremic
experimentally infected specific pathogen- free (SPF) cats after
predictable survival periods ranging from less than 3 months (acute
immunodeficiency syndrome) to greater than one year (chronic
immunodeficiency syndrome), depending on the age of the cat at time of
virus exposure. The pathogenesis of FeLV-FAIDS-induced feline
immunodeficiency disease is characterized by: a prodromal period of largely
asymptomatic viremia; progressive weight loss, lymphoid hyperplasia
associated with viral replication in lymphoid follicles, lymphoid depletion
associated with extinction of viral replication in lymphoid follicles,
intractable diarrhea associated with necrosis of intestinal crypt
epithelium, lymphopenia, suppressed lymphocyte blastogenesis, impaired
cutaneous allograft rejection, hypogammaglobulinemia, and opportunistic
infections such as bacterial respiratory disease and necrotizing
stomatitis. The clinical onset of immunodeficiency syndrome correlates with
the replication of a specific FeLV-FAIDS viral variant, detected
principally as unintegrated viral DNA, in bone marrow, lymphoid tissues,
and intestine. Two of seven cats with chronic immunodeficiency disease that
survived greater than 1 year after inoculation developed lymphoma affecting
the marrow, intestine, spleen, and mesenteric nodes. Experimentally induced
feline immunodeficiency syndrome, therefore, is a rapid and consistent in
vivo model for prospective studies of the viral genetic determinants,
pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of retrovirus-induced
immunodeficiency disease.
Volume 70,
Issue 6,
pp. 1880-1892,
12/01/1987
Copyright © 1987 by The American Society of Hematology
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