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t(3;21)(q26;q22): a recurring chromosomal abnormality in therapy- related
myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia
CM Rubin, RA Larson, J Anastasi, JN Winter, M Thangavelu, JW Vardiman, JD Rowley and MM Le Beau
Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, IL.
We have identified an identical reciprocal translocation between the long
arms of chromosomes 3 and 21 with breakpoints at bands 3q26 and 21q22,
[t(3;21)(q26;q22)], in the malignant cells from five adult patients with
therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia
(t-AML). Primary diagnoses were Hodgkin's disease in two patients and
ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer, and polycythemia vera in one patient
each. Patients had been treated with chemotherapy including an alkylating
agent for their primary disease 1 to 18 years before the development of
t-MDS or t-AML. We have not observed the t(3;21) in over 1,500 patients
with a myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia arising de novo
or in over 1,000 patients with lymphoid malignancies. We have previously
reported that the t(3;21) occurs in Philadelphia chromosome-positive
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Thus, the t(3;21) appears to be limited
to t-MDS/t-AML and CML, both of which represent malignant disorders of an
early hematopoietic precursor cell. These results provide a new focus for
the study of therapy-related leukemia at the molecular level.
Volume 76,
Issue 12,
pp. 2594-2598,
12/15/1990
Copyright © 1990 by The American Society of Hematology
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