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IgE-mediated anaphylactic degranulation of isolated human skin mast cells
AM Dvorak, W Massey, J Warner, S Kissell, A Kagey-Sobotka and LM Lichtenstein
Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215.
Isolated human skin mast cells (HSMC) were prepared and cultured overnight
before functional and electron microscopic studies. Mast cell suspensions
were examined after stimulation with anti-IgE to produce anaphylactic
degranulation or examined in buffer-incubated controls. Histamine release
was measured in replicate samples. Control, isolated HSMC studied by
electron microscopy were well preserved and fully granulated. Although all
granule patterns reported for human mast cells were found, crystal granules
were the most prevalent, as is true for HSMC in situ. Individual mast cells
containing both crystal and scroll granules occurred. Lipid bodies were
rare, as in HSMC in situ. Control, isolated mast cells did not express
granule changes associated with either piecemeal degranulation or recovery
during wound healing in situ; nor were morphologic changes of anaphylactic
degranulation present. Spontaneous histamine release was 0% in control
samples. Anaphylactic degranulation of isolated HSMC was accompanied by 24%
maximum histamine release and characteristically showed extrusion of
altered, membrane-free granules through multiple pores in the plasma
membrane to the exterior of the cell. Other morphologic aspects of
anaphylactic degranulation, as expressed in isolated human lung mast cells,
were also present. These events included granule swelling, fusion,
alteration of matrix contents, degranulation channel formation, pore
formation, and shedding of granules, membranes, and surface processes. The
ultrastructural morphology of isolated HSMC and their IgE-mediated
degranulation shows some differences from similar studies of isolated human
lung mast cells and of human lung and gut mast cells in biopsy samples.
These differences include crystal granules as the predominant granule
pattern, minor numbers of lipid bodies, and extrusion of granules during
anaphylactic degranulation as characteristic for HSMC. By contrast,
isolated human lung and gut mast cells have more scroll granules and
particle granules, respectively, and more lipid bodies. In isolated human
lung mast cells, anaphylactic degranulation is almost exclusively an
intracellular fusion event characterized by the formation of complex
degranulation channels within which altered granule matrix materials
solubilize. In addition to morphologic differences between mast cells of
skin, lung, or gut origin, functional differences have also been reported
among mast cells of these organs. The ultrastructural morphology of
isolated HSMC is identical to that of skin mast cells in biopsy samples,
thereby validating the usefulness of this new source of HSMC for
correlative functional and morphologic studies.
Volume 77,
Issue 3,
pp. 569-578,
02/01/1991
Copyright © 1991 by The American Society of Hematology
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