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Interleukin-5 selectively enhances the chemotactic response of eosinophils
obtained from normal but not eosinophilic subjects
R Sehmi, AJ Wardlaw, O Cromwell, K Kurihara, P Waltmann and AB Kay
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung
Institute, London, UK.
We have attempted to determine whether interleukin-5 (IL-5), a cytokine
that selectively affects eosinophil (as opposed to neutrophil)
differentiation and activation, also modulates eosinophil migrational
responses. Using a modified Boyden chemotaxis assay, IL-5, IL-3, and
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gave a weak
locomotory response for eosinophils from normal nonatopic subjects (optimal
at 10(-11), 10(-8), and 10(-9) mol/L, respectively), but not for
eosinophils from subjects with an eosinophilia associated with asthma
and/or allergic rhinitis. In contrast, IL-5 and IL-3 had no effect on
neutrophils, while GM-CSF was chemotactic for neutrophils over a limited
concentration range, optimal at 10(-8) mol/L. When eosinophils from normal
subjects were incubated with IL-5 (10(-9) mol/L), the locomotory response
to platelet-activating factor (PAF; 10(- 8) mol/L, P less than .05),
leukotriene B4 (LTB4; 10(-6) mol/L, P less than .01), and
N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP; 10(-8) mol/L, P less than
.01) was significantly enhanced. The percentage enhancement of eosinophil
locomotion by IL-5 was greater for eosinophils from normal as compared with
subjects with an eosinophilia associated with asthma (P less than .05 for
PAF and LTB4; P less than .01 for FMLP). Preincubation of eosinophils from
normal subjects with IL-5 (10(-9) mol/L) attenuated the subsequent
locomotory response to IL- 5 (10(-12) and 10(-11) mol/L, P less than .05).
Therefore, the observed refractoriness of eosinophils from eosinophilic
subjects to both directional migratory and priming effects of IL-5 in
vitro, may reflect a deactivation process resulting from prior exposure in
vivo. The selective priming of eosinophil but not neutrophil locomotion by
IL-5 suggests that this cytokine may play a significant role in the
preferential accumulation of eosinophils at sites of allergic inflammation.
Volume 79,
Issue 11,
pp. 2952-2959,
06/01/1992
Copyright © 1992 by The American Society of Hematology
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