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Hematopoietic cytokines inhibit apoptosis induced by transforming growth
factor beta 1 and cancer chemotherapy compounds in myeloid leukemic cells
J Lotem and L Sachs
Department of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) induces cell death in
myeloid leukemia by apoptosis. In the M1 myeloid leukemia, this induction
of apoptosis was inhibited by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
or interleukin-6 (IL-6) and to a lesser extent by IL-1 alpha. IL-3 and stem
cell factor/mast cell growth factor (SCF) showed only a marginal effect,
and granulocyte-macrophage and macrophage CSFs (GM-CSF and M-CSF,
respectively) were inactive. The induction of apoptosis by TGF-beta 1 in a
different myeloid leukemia (7-M12) was inhibited by GM-CSF and IL-3 but not
by the other cytokines. In the absence of TGF-beta 1, both M1 and 7-M12
leukemic cells were independent of hematopoietic cytokines for cell
viability and growth. The cytotoxic compounds vincristine, vinblastine,
adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside, cycloheximide, and sodium azide, some of
which are used in cancer chemotherapy, induced cell death by apoptosis in
both leukemias. As with TGF-beta 1, apoptosis induced by these cytotoxic
compounds was inhibited by GM-CSF (7-M12 leukemia) and by G-CSF or IL-6 (M1
leukemia). Cyclosporine A decreased cell multiplication in M1 cells without
inducing apoptosis, and G-CSF and IL-6 inhibited the cytostatic effect of
cyclosporine A. It is suggested that the clinical use of cytokines to
correct therapy-associated myelosuppression should be carefully timed to
avoid protection of malignant cells from the cytotoxic action of the
therapeutic compounds.
Volume 80,
Issue 7,
pp. 1750-1757,
10/01/1992
Copyright © 1992 by The American Society of Hematology

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