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Acute infectious mononucleosis stimulates the selective
expression/expansion of V beta 6.1-3 and V beta 7 T cells
TJ Smith, N Terada, CC Robinson and EW Gelfand
Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and
Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.
Acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM) is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
(EBV) and is characterized by a proliferation of atypical lymphocytes,
predominantly CD8+ T cells. Various diseases associated with T-cell
activation have been shown to stimulate the selective expansion of certain
V beta (variable region of the T-cell receptor beta chain) expressing
T-cell populations. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if
the proliferation of T cells accompanying AIM is associated with selective
expression/expansion of distinct populations of V beta T cells. We
determined V beta expression in eight patients with clinical and laboratory
evidence of AIM, including an atypical lymphocytosis. Gel electrophoresis
and quantitative analysis were performed on cDNA amplified by the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using different V beta region primers. Gel
electrophoresis analysis showed prominent V beta 6.1-3 and V beta 7 bands
in all eight patients with AIM but not in the controls. Quantitative PCR
analysis showed that the V beta 6.1-3 and V beta 7 mean PCR ratios
increased, respectively, from 163.0 +/- 22.5 and 142.3 +/- 5.5 in controls
to 339.9 +/- 38.8 (P < .03) and 396.1 +/- 45.6 (P < .01) in the eight
patients with AIM. Two of the eight patients who had increased V beta 6.1-3
and V beta 7 expression were retested after clinical resolution of AIM and
no longer had evidence of increased V beta 6.1-3 and V beta 7 T-cell
expression. AIM is associated with a selective increased expression of V
beta 6.1-3 and V beta 7 T cells present at the time of initial clinical
symptoms and atypical lymphocytosis. This increased expression resolves
following recovery from AIM. This V beta-specific selective expression
resembles the super- antigen response seen after staphylococcal toxin
stimulation and may be caused by EBV triggering of selective expansion of V
beta 6.1-3 and V beta 7 T-cell subsets.
Volume 81,
Issue 6,
pp. 1521-1526,
03/15/1993
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology
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