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Stromal cells from human long-term marrow cultures are mesenchymal cells
that differentiate following a vascular smooth muscle differentiation
pathway
MC Galmiche, VE Koteliansky, J Briere, P Herve and P Charbord
INSERM/CRTS, Besancon, Paris, France.
In human long-term marrow cultures connective tissue-forming stromal cells
are an essential cellular component of the adherent layer where
granulomonocytic progenitors are generated from week 2 onward. We have
previously found that most stromal cells in confluent cultures were stained
by monoclonal antibodies directed against smooth muscle- specific actin
isoforms. The present study was carried out to evaluate the time course of
alpha-SM-positive stromal cells and to search for other cytoskeletal
proteins specific for smooth muscle cells. It was found that the expression
of alpha-SM in stromal cells was time dependent. Most of the adherent
spindle-shaped, vimentin-positive stromal cells observed during the first 2
weeks of culture were alpha- SM negative. On the contrary, from week 3 to
week 7, most interdigitated stromal cells contained stress fibers whose
backbone was made of alpha-SM-positive microfilaments. In addition, in
confluent cultures, other proteins specific for smooth muscle were
detected: metavinculin, h-caldesmon, smooth muscle myosin heavy chains, and
calponin. This study confirms the similarity between stromal cells and
smooth muscle cells. Moreover, our results reveal that cells in vivo with
the phenotype closest to that of stromal cells are immature fetal smooth
muscle cells and subendothelial intimal smooth muscle cells; a cell subset
with limited development following birth but extensively recruited in
atherosclerotic lesions. Stromal cells very probably derive from
mesenchymal cells that differentiate along this distinctive vascular smooth
muscle cell pathway. In humans, this differentiation seems crucial for the
maintenance of granulomonopoiesis. These in vitro studies were completed by
examination of trephine bone marrow biopsies from adults without
hematologic abnormalities. These studies revealed the presence of
alpha-SM-positive cells at diverse locations: vascular smooth muscle cells
in the media of arteries and arterioles, pericytes lining capillaries,
myoid cells lining sinuses at the abluminal side of endothelial cells or
found within the hematopoietic logettes, and endosteal cells lining bone
trabeculae. More or less mature cells of the granulocytic series were in
intimate contact with the thin cytoplasmic extensions of myoid cells. Myoid
cells may be the in vivo counterpart of stromal cells with the
above-described vascular smooth muscle phenotype.
Volume 82,
Issue 1,
pp. 66-76,
07/01/1993
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology
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