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Effect of all transretinoic acid in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic
leukemia. Results of a multicenter randomized trial. European APL 91 Group
P Fenaux, MC Le Deley, S Castaigne, E Archimbaud, C Chomienne, H Link, A Guerci, M Duarte, MT Daniel and D Bowen
Service Clinique des Maladies du Sang-Hopital St Louis, Paris, France.
We designed a multicenter randomized trial comparing chemotherapy with
daunorubicin-Ara C (chemotherapy group) and all transretinoic acid (ATRA)
combined to the same chemotherapy (ATRA group) in newly diagnosed APL
patients aged 65 years or less. The major endpoint of the study was
event-free survival (EFS) ("events" being defined as failure to achieve
complete remission [CR], occurrence of relapse, or death in CR). Early
termination of the trial was decided after the first interim analysis, as
EFS was significantly higher in the ATRA group. At the time, 101 patients
had been randomized (54 in the ATRA group and 47 in the chemotherapy
group). In the ATRA group, 49 (91%) patients achieved CR, 5 (9%) had early
death, and 0 had resistant leukemia, compared with 38 (81%), 4 (8%), and 5
(10%) patients, respectively, in the chemotherapy group. The difference in
CR rate between the two groups was not significant. The duration of
coagulopathy was significantly reduced in the ATRA group, compared with the
chemotherapy group. In the ATRA group, six patients relapsed after 7 to
15.5 months. In the chemotherapy group, 12 patients relapsed after 1 to 16
months, and 2 died in CR. Kaplan-Meier EFS was estimated at 79% +/- 7% and
50% +/- 9% at 12 months, respectively, in the ATRA and the chemotherapy
group (P = .001). Kaplan-Meier estimate of relapse was 19% +/- 8% and 40%
+/- 12% at 12 months (P = .005). In conclusion, ATRA followed by
chemotherapy increases EFS in newly diagnosed APL. These results strongly
suggest that ATRA should be incorporated in the front line therapy of newly
diagnosed APL.
Volume 82,
Issue 11,
pp. 3241-3249,
12/01/1993
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology
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