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Persistence of the 8;21 translocation in patients with acute myeloid
leukemia type M2 in long-term remission
G Nucifora, RA Larson and JD Rowley
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL.
The translocation between chromosomes 8 and 21, t(8;21) (q22;q22), is the
most frequent abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with
French-American-British type M2 (FAB-M2) morphology. The breakpoints in
this translocation have been characterized at the molecular level, and the
genes involved are AML1 on chromosome 21 and ETO on chromosome 8. The
rearrangement of the two chromosomes results in a fusion gene and in the
production of a consistent fusion transcript on the der(8) chromosome. We
have used oligonucleotide primers derived from both sides of the fusion
cDNA junction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
to analyze six AML-M2 patients with a t(8;21) during various stages of
their disease. Two patients studied at diagnosis and one studied at first
relapse are alive off therapy and in continuous complete remission for 83
to 94 months. We have detected the AML/ETO fusion transcript in recent
peripheral blood samples from each of them. Three other patients also had a
fusion transcript detected after 1 to 4 months in remission. Two of these
patients subsequently relapsed and died whereas the third patient is alive
and in continuous complete remission 70 months later. Thus, our preliminary
data suggest that cells with the translocation are still circulating in
t(8;21) patients in long-term remission. This finding raises serious
questions regarding the interpretation of positive results obtained only
with this technique that may not be suitable to decide appropriate further
treatment for patients in clinical remission.
Volume 82,
Issue 3,
pp. 712-715,
08/01/1993
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology
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