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Dynamics of GATA transcription factor expression during erythroid
differentiation
M Leonard, M Brice, JD Engel and T Papayannopoulou
Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
Although the formation of terminally differentiated erythroid cells has
been shown to require the presence of a functional GATA-1 gene in vivo, the
role of this transcription factor and other members of the GATA family at
earlier stages of erythroid differentiation is unclear. In this report, the
expression of GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-3 has been examined in enriched
peripheral blood progenitors before and after culture in a
well-characterized liquid culture system. In addition primary leukemic
cells as well as several erythroleukemic and nonerythroid cell lines were
analyzed for GATA factor expression. The results show that the profile of
GATA factor expression in erythroid cells is distinct from that of myeloid
or lymphoid lineages. Erythroleukemic cell lines express little or no
GATA-3, but high levels of GATA-1 and GATA-2. When they are induced to
display the terminal erythroid phenotype, little change in the level of
GATA-1 is detected but a significant decline in the levels of GATA-2 is
observed commensurate with the degree of maturation achieved by the cells.
Enrichment of erythroid progenitors from peripheral blood leads to
selection of cells that express both GATA-1 and GATA-2. As the enriched
populations are cultured in suspension in the presence of multiple
cytokines, the levels of both GATA-1 and GATA-2 initially increase.
However, in cultures containing only erythropoietin, which show exclusive
erythroid differentiation, the levels of GATA-1 continue to increase,
whereas GATA-2 expression declines as erythroid maturation progresses. In
contrast, cultures lacking Epo (ie, with interleukin-3 and kit ligand)
display limited progression towards both the myeloid and erythroid
pathways, and high levels of expression of both GATA-1 and GATA-2 are
maintained. Despite the initial upregulation of GATA-1 expression in the
latter cultures, terminal erythroid differentiation does not occur in the
absence of erythropoietin. These results indicate that GATA-1 upregulation
is associated with both the initiation and the maintenance of the erythroid
program, but that these two processes appear to be under separate
regulatory control. Thus, the dynamic changes in the levels of different
GATA factors that occur during primary erythroid differentiation suggest
that the levels of these factors may influence the progression to specific
hematopoietic pathways.
Volume 82,
Issue 4,
pp. 1071-1079,
08/15/1993
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology
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