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Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article 
Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody
to CD20
ME Reff, K Carner, KS Chambers, PC Chinn, JE Leonard, R Raab, RA Newman, N Hanna and DR Anderson
IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121.
Murine monoclonal antibody 2B8 specifically recognizes the CD20
phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of normal B lymphocytes and B- cell
lymphomas. The light- and heavy-chain variable regions of 2B8 were cloned,
after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, into a cDNA
expression vector that contained human IgG1 heavy chain and human
kappa-light chain constant regions. High-level expression of chimeric- 2B8
antibody (C2B8) was obtained in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Purified C2B8
exhibited antigen binding affinity and human-tissue reactivity similar to
the native murine antibody. In vitro studies showed the ability of C2B8 to
bind human C1q, mediate complement- dependent cell lysis of human
B-lymphoid cell lines, and lyse human target cells through
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Infusion of macaque cynomolgus
monkeys with doses ranging from 1.6 mg/kg to 6.4 mg/kg resulted in greater
than 98% depletion of peripheral blood (PB) B cells and 40% to 70%
depletion of lymph node B cells. Recovery of PB B cells usually started at
2 weeks after treatment and required 60 to greater than 90 days to reach
normal levels. As much as 95% depletion of B cells in peripheral lymph
nodes and bone marrow was observed following weekly injections of 16.8
mg/kg antibody. No toxicity was observed in any of the animals. These
results offer the possibility of using an "immunologically active" chimeric
anti-CD20 antibody as an alternative approach in the treatment of B-cell
lymphoma.
Volume 83,
Issue 2,
pp. 435-445,
01/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology

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M. J. Leandro, N. Cooper, G. Cambridge, M. R. Ehrenstein, and J. C. W. Edwards
Bone marrow B-lineage cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following rituximab therapy
Rheumatology,
January 1, 2007;
46(1):
29 - 36.
[Abstract]
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M. H. J. van Oers, R. Klasa, R. E. Marcus, M. Wolf, E. Kimby, R. D. Gascoyne, A. Jack, M. van't Veer, A. Vranovsky, H. Holte, et al.
Rituximab maintenance improves clinical outcome of relapsed/resistant follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients both with and without rituximab during induction: results of a prospective randomized phase 3 intergroup trial
Blood,
November 15, 2006;
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[Abstract]
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S. M. Ansell, S. M. Geyer, M. J. Maurer, P. J. Kurtin, I. N.M. Micallef, P. Stella, P. Etzell, A. J. Novak, C. Erlichman, and T. E. Witzig
Randomized Phase II Study of Interleukin-12 in Combination with Rituximab in Previously Treated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients.
Clin. Cancer Res.,
October 15, 2006;
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[Abstract]
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D. H. Kim, H. D. Jung, J. G. Kim, J.-J. Lee, D.-H. Yang, Y. H. Park, Y. R. Do, H. J. Shin, M. K. Kim, M. S. Hyun, et al.
FCGR3A gene polymorphisms may correlate with response to frontline R-CHOP therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Blood,
October 15, 2006;
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[Abstract]
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R. Stein, Z. Qu, S. Chen, D. Solis, H. J. Hansen, and D. M. Goldenberg
Characterization of a humanized IgG4 anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody that lacks effector cell functions but retains direct antilymphoma activity and increases the potency of rituximab
Blood,
October 15, 2006;
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[Abstract]
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D. Decaudin, P. de Cremoux, A. Vincent-Salomon, R. Dendale, and L. L.-L. Rouic
Ocular adnexal lymphoma: a review of clinicopathologic features and treatment options
Blood,
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J. Elgqvist, H. Andersson, T. Back, I. Claesson, R. Hultborn, H. Jensen, B. R. Johansson, S. Lindegren, M. Olsson, S. Palm, et al.
{alpha}-Radioimmunotherapy of Intraperitoneally Growing OVCAR-3 Tumors of Variable Dimensions: Outcome Related to Measured Tumor Size and Mean Absorbed Dose
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August 1, 2006;
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R. M. Sharkey and D. M. Goldenberg
Targeted Therapy of Cancer: New Prospects for Antibodies and Immunoconjugates
CA Cancer J Clin,
July 1, 2006;
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[Abstract]
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O Flossmann, R B Jones, D R W Jayne, and R A Luqmani
Should rituximab be used to treat antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis?
Ann Rheum Dis,
July 1, 2006;
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L. Quartuccio, G. Soardo, G. Romano, F. Zaja, C. A. Scott, G. De Marchi, M. Fabris, G. Ferraccioli, and S. De Vita
Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids
Rheumatology,
July 1, 2006;
45(7):
842 - 846.
[Abstract]
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D. El Fassi, C. H Nielsen, H. C Hasselbalch, and L. Hegedus
The rationale for B lymphocyte depletion in Graves' disease. Monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy as a novel treatment option.
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
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C. Kelly-Quintos, L. A. Cavacini, M. R. Posner, D. Goldmann, and G. B. Pier
Characterization of the Opsonic and Protective Activity against Staphylococcus aureus of Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Bacterial Surface Polysaccharide Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine.
Infect. Immun.,
May 1, 2006;
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S. Iida, H. Misaka, M. Inoue, M. Shibata, R. Nakano, N. Yamane-Ohnuki, M. Wakitani, K. Yano, K. Shitara, and M. Satoh
Nonfucosylated Therapeutic IgG1 Antibody Can Evade the Inhibitory Effect of Serum Immunoglobulin G on Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity through its High Binding to Fc{gamma}RIIIa.
Clin. Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2006;
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J. Kriangkum, B. J. Taylor, E. Strachan, M. J. Mant, T. Reiman, A. R. Belch, and L. M. Pilarski
Impaired class switch recombination (CSR) in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) despite apparently normal CSR machinery
Blood,
April 1, 2006;
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Y. Hamaguchi, Y. Xiu, K. Komura, F. Nimmerjahn, and T. F. Tedder
Antibody isotype-specific engagement of Fc{gamma} receptors regulates B lymphocyte depletion during CD20 immunotherapy
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G. A. Lazar, W. Dang, S. Karki, O. Vafa, J. S. Peng, L. Hyun, C. Chan, H. S. Chung, A. Eivazi, S. C. Yoder, et al.
Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function.
PNAS,
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Y. Vugmeyster, D. Seshasayee, W. Chang, A. Storn, K. Howell, S. Sa, T. Nelson, F. Martin, I. Grewal, E. Gilkerson, et al.
A Soluble BAFF Antagonist, BR3-Fc, Decreases Peripheral Blood B Cells and Lymphoid Tissue Marginal Zone and Follicular B Cells in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Am. J. Pathol.,
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W. Hiddemann, M. Kneba, M. Dreyling, N. Schmitz, E. Lengfelder, R. Schmits, M. Reiser, B. Metzner, H. Harder, S. Hegewisch-Becker, et al.
Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group
Blood,
December 1, 2005;
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3725 - 3732.
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K. Saito, M. Nawata, S. Iwata, M. Tokunaga, and Y. Tanaka
Extremely high titer of anti-human chimeric antibody following re-treatment with rituximab in a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology,
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W. G. Wierda, T. J. Kipps, and M. J. Keating
Novel Immune-Based Treatment Strategies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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W. Hiddemann, C. Buske, M. Dreyling, O. Weigert, G. Lenz, R. Forstpointner, C. Nickenig, and M. Unterhalt
Treatment Strategies in Follicular Lymphomas: Current Status and Future Perspectives
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D. G. Maloney
Immunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Monoclonal Antibodies and Vaccines
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September 10, 2005;
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M. I. Vega, A. R. Jazirehi, S. Huerta-Yepez, and B. Bonavida
Rituximab-Induced Inhibition of YY1 and Bcl-xL Expression in Ramos Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cell Line via Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B Activity: Role of YY1 and Bcl-xL in Fas Resistance and Chemoresistance, Respectively
J. Immunol.,
August 15, 2005;
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N. Zhang, L. A. Khawli, P. Hu, and A. L. Epstein
Generation of Rituximab Polymer May Cause Hyper-Cross-linking-Induced Apoptosis in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Clin. Cancer Res.,
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J. S. Abramson and M. A. Shipp
Advances in the biology and therapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: moving toward a molecularly targeted approach
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L. H. Sehn, J. Donaldson, M. Chhanabhai, C. Fitzgerald, K. Gill, R. Klasa, N. MacPherson, S. O'Reilly, J. J. Spinelli, J. Sutherland, et al.
Introduction of Combined CHOP Plus Rituximab Therapy Dramatically Improved Outcome of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in British Columbia
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K. Dunleavy, F. Hakim, H. K. Kim, J. E. Janik, N. Grant, T. Nakayama, T. White, G. Wright, L. Kwak, R. Gress, et al.
B-cell recovery following rituximab-based therapy is associated with perturbations in stromal derived factor-1 and granulocyte homeostasis
Blood,
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[Abstract]
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T. Doan and E. Massarotti
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview of New and Emerging Therapies
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D. Yu, M. Dews, A. Park, J. W. Tobias, and A. Thomas-Tikhonenko
Inactivation of Myc in Murine Two-Hit B lymphomas Causes Dormancy with Elevated Levels of Interleukin 10 Receptor and CD20: Implications for Adjuvant Therapies
Cancer Res.,
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W. Wojciechowski, H. Li, S. Marshall, C. Dell'Agnola, and I. Espinoza-Delgado
Enhanced Expression of CD20 in Human Tumor B Cells Is Controlled through ERK-Dependent Mechanisms
J. Immunol.,
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M. J. Rummel, S. E. Al-Batran, S.-Z. Kim, M. Welslau, R. Hecker, D. Kofahl-Krause, K.-M. Josten, H. Durk, A. Rost, M. Neise, et al.
Bendamustine Plus Rituximab Is Effective and Has a Favorable Toxicity Profile in the Treatment of Mantle Cell and Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Y. Hamaguchi, J. Uchida, D. W. Cain, G. M. Venturi, J. C. Poe, K. M. Haas, and T. F. Tedder
The Peritoneal Cavity Provides a Protective Niche for B1 and Conventional B Lymphocytes during Anti-CD20 Immunotherapy in Mice
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S A Chambers and D Isenberg
Anti-B cell therapy (Rituximab) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Lupus,
March 1, 2005;
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210 - 214.
[Abstract]
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L. N. Gordan, W. B. Grow, A. Pusateri, V. Douglas, N. P. Mendenhall, and J. W. Lynch
Phase II Trial of Individualized Rituximab Dosing for Patients With CD20-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders
J. Clin. Oncol.,
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M.S. Czuczman, A. Koryzna, A. Mohr, C. Stewart, K. Donohue, L. Blumenson, Z.P. Bernstein, P. McCarthy, A. Alam, F. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, et al.
Rituximab in Combination With Fludarabine Chemotherapy in Low-Grade or Follicular Lymphoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
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S. J. Horning, A. Younes, V. Jain, S. Kroll, J. Lucas, D. Podoloff, and M. Goris
Efficacy and Safety of Tositumomab and Iodine-131 Tositumomab (Bexxar) in B-Cell Lymphoma, Progressive After Rituximab
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 1, 2005;
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M. Tokunaga, K. Fujii, K. Saito, S. Nakayamada, S. Tsujimura, M. Nawata, and Y. Tanaka
Down-regulation of CD40 and CD80 on B cells in patients with life-threatening systemic lupus erythematosus after successful treatment with rituximab
Rheumatology,
February 1, 2005;
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Q. Gong, Q. Ou, S. Ye, W. P. Lee, J. Cornelius, L. Diehl, W. Y. Lin, Z. Hu, Y. Lu, Y. Chen, et al.
Importance of Cellular Microenvironment and Circulatory Dynamics in B Cell Immunotherapy
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R. B. Michel, A. V. Rosario, P. M. Andrews, D. M. Goldenberg, and M. J. Mattes
Therapy of Small Subcutaneous B-Lymphoma Xenografts with Antibodies Conjugated to Radionuclides Emitting Low-Energy Electrons
Clin. Cancer Res.,
January 15, 2005;
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J. W. Friedberg, H. Kim, M. McCauley, E. M. Hessel, P. Sims, D. C. Fisher, L. M. Nadler, R. L. Coffman, and A. S. Freedman
Combination immunotherapy with a CpG oligonucleotide (1018 ISS) and rituximab in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: increased interferon-{alpha}/{beta}-inducible gene expression, without significant toxicity
Blood,
January 15, 2005;
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[Abstract]
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H Tahir and D A Isenberg
Novel therapies in lupus nephritis
Lupus,
January 1, 2005;
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[Abstract]
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