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Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20

ME Reff, K Carner, KS Chambers, PC Chinn, JE Leonard, R Raab, RA Newman, N Hanna and DR Anderson

IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121.

Murine monoclonal antibody 2B8 specifically recognizes the CD20 phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of normal B lymphocytes and B- cell lymphomas. The light- and heavy-chain variable regions of 2B8 were cloned, after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, into a cDNA expression vector that contained human IgG1 heavy chain and human kappa-light chain constant regions. High-level expression of chimeric- 2B8 antibody (C2B8) was obtained in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Purified C2B8 exhibited antigen binding affinity and human-tissue reactivity similar to the native murine antibody. In vitro studies showed the ability of C2B8 to bind human C1q, mediate complement- dependent cell lysis of human B-lymphoid cell lines, and lyse human target cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Infusion of macaque cynomolgus monkeys with doses ranging from 1.6 mg/kg to 6.4 mg/kg resulted in greater than 98% depletion of peripheral blood (PB) B cells and 40% to 70% depletion of lymph node B cells. Recovery of PB B cells usually started at 2 weeks after treatment and required 60 to greater than 90 days to reach normal levels. As much as 95% depletion of B cells in peripheral lymph nodes and bone marrow was observed following weekly injections of 16.8 mg/kg antibody. No toxicity was observed in any of the animals. These results offer the possibility of using an "immunologically active" chimeric anti-CD20 antibody as an alternative approach in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.

Volume 83, Issue 2, pp. 435-445, 01/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology


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R. Stein, Z. Qu, S. Chen, D. Solis, H. J. Hansen, and D. M. Goldenberg
Characterization of a humanized IgG4 anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody that lacks effector cell functions but retains direct antilymphoma activity and increases the potency of rituximab
Blood, October 15, 2006; 108(8): 2736 - 2744.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
D. Decaudin, P. de Cremoux, A. Vincent-Salomon, R. Dendale, and L. L.-L. Rouic
Ocular adnexal lymphoma: a review of clinicopathologic features and treatment options
Blood, September 1, 2006; 108(5): 1451 - 1460.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JNMHome page
J. Elgqvist, H. Andersson, T. Back, I. Claesson, R. Hultborn, H. Jensen, B. R. Johansson, S. Lindegren, M. Olsson, S. Palm, et al.
{alpha}-Radioimmunotherapy of Intraperitoneally Growing OVCAR-3 Tumors of Variable Dimensions: Outcome Related to Measured Tumor Size and Mean Absorbed Dose
J. Nucl. Med., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 1342 - 1350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CA Cancer J ClinHome page
R. M. Sharkey and D. M. Goldenberg
Targeted Therapy of Cancer: New Prospects for Antibodies and Immunoconjugates
CA Cancer J Clin, July 1, 2006; 56(4): 226 - 243.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann Rheum DisHome page
O Flossmann, R B Jones, D R W Jayne, and R A Luqmani
Should rituximab be used to treat antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis?
Ann Rheum Dis, July 1, 2006; 65(7): 841 - 844.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Rheumatology (Oxford)Home page
L. Quartuccio, G. Soardo, G. Romano, F. Zaja, C. A. Scott, G. De Marchi, M. Fabris, G. Ferraccioli, and S. De Vita
Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids
Rheumatology, July 1, 2006; 45(7): 842 - 846.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur J EndocrinolHome page
D. El Fassi, C. H Nielsen, H. C Hasselbalch, and L. Hegedus
The rationale for B lymphocyte depletion in Graves' disease. Monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy as a novel treatment option.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2006; 154(5): 623 - 632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Infect. Immun.Home page
C. Kelly-Quintos, L. A. Cavacini, M. R. Posner, D. Goldmann, and G. B. Pier
Characterization of the Opsonic and Protective Activity against Staphylococcus aureus of Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Bacterial Surface Polysaccharide Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine.
Infect. Immun., May 1, 2006; 74(5): 2742 - 2750.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
S. Iida, H. Misaka, M. Inoue, M. Shibata, R. Nakano, N. Yamane-Ohnuki, M. Wakitani, K. Yano, K. Shitara, and M. Satoh
Nonfucosylated Therapeutic IgG1 Antibody Can Evade the Inhibitory Effect of Serum Immunoglobulin G on Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity through its High Binding to Fc{gamma}RIIIa.
Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2006; 12(9): 2879 - 2887.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
J. Kriangkum, B. J. Taylor, E. Strachan, M. J. Mant, T. Reiman, A. R. Belch, and L. M. Pilarski
Impaired class switch recombination (CSR) in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) despite apparently normal CSR machinery
Blood, April 1, 2006; 107(7): 2920 - 2927.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JEMHome page
Y. Hamaguchi, Y. Xiu, K. Komura, F. Nimmerjahn, and T. F. Tedder
Antibody isotype-specific engagement of Fc{gamma} receptors regulates B lymphocyte depletion during CD20 immunotherapy
J. Exp. Med., March 20, 2006; 203(3): 743 - 753.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. A. Lazar, W. Dang, S. Karki, O. Vafa, J. S. Peng, L. Hyun, C. Chan, H. S. Chung, A. Eivazi, S. C. Yoder, et al.
Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function.
PNAS, March 14, 2006; 103(11): 4005 - 4010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
R. H. Carter
B Cells in Health and Disease
Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2006; 81(3): 377 - 384.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Pathol.Home page
Y. Vugmeyster, D. Seshasayee, W. Chang, A. Storn, K. Howell, S. Sa, T. Nelson, F. Martin, I. Grewal, E. Gilkerson, et al.
A Soluble BAFF Antagonist, BR3-Fc, Decreases Peripheral Blood B Cells and Lymphoid Tissue Marginal Zone and Follicular B Cells in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 168(2): 476 - 489.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
W. Hiddemann, M. Kneba, M. Dreyling, N. Schmitz, E. Lengfelder, R. Schmits, M. Reiser, B. Metzner, H. Harder, S. Hegewisch-Becker, et al.
Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group
Blood, December 1, 2005; 106(12): 3725 - 3732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Rheumatology (Oxford)Home page
K. Saito, M. Nawata, S. Iwata, M. Tokunaga, and Y. Tanaka
Extremely high titer of anti-human chimeric antibody following re-treatment with rituximab in a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology, November 1, 2005; 44(11): 1462 - 1464.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
W. G. Wierda, T. J. Kipps, and M. J. Keating
Novel Immune-Based Treatment Strategies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
J. Clin. Oncol., September 10, 2005; 23(26): 6325 - 6332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
W. Hiddemann, C. Buske, M. Dreyling, O. Weigert, G. Lenz, R. Forstpointner, C. Nickenig, and M. Unterhalt
Treatment Strategies in Follicular Lymphomas: Current Status and Future Perspectives
J. Clin. Oncol., September 10, 2005; 23(26): 6394 - 6399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
D. G. Maloney
Immunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Monoclonal Antibodies and Vaccines
J. Clin. Oncol., September 10, 2005; 23(26): 6421 - 6428.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
M. I. Vega, A. R. Jazirehi, S. Huerta-Yepez, and B. Bonavida
Rituximab-Induced Inhibition of YY1 and Bcl-xL Expression in Ramos Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cell Line via Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B Activity: Role of YY1 and Bcl-xL in Fas Resistance and Chemoresistance, Respectively
J. Immunol., August 15, 2005; 175(4): 2174 - 2183.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
N. Zhang, L. A. Khawli, P. Hu, and A. L. Epstein
Generation of Rituximab Polymer May Cause Hyper-Cross-linking-Induced Apoptosis in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2005; 11(16): 5971 - 5980.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
J. S. Abramson and M. A. Shipp
Advances in the biology and therapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: moving toward a molecularly targeted approach
Blood, August 15, 2005; 106(4): 1164 - 1174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
L. H. Sehn, J. Donaldson, M. Chhanabhai, C. Fitzgerald, K. Gill, R. Klasa, N. MacPherson, S. O'Reilly, J. J. Spinelli, J. Sutherland, et al.
Introduction of Combined CHOP Plus Rituximab Therapy Dramatically Improved Outcome of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in British Columbia
J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2005; 23(22): 5027 - 5033.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
K. Dunleavy, F. Hakim, H. K. Kim, J. E. Janik, N. Grant, T. Nakayama, T. White, G. Wright, L. Kwak, R. Gress, et al.
B-cell recovery following rituximab-based therapy is associated with perturbations in stromal derived factor-1 and granulocyte homeostasis
Blood, August 1, 2005; 106(3): 795 - 802.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Clin PharmacolHome page
T. Doan and E. Massarotti
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview of New and Emerging Therapies
J. Clin. Pharmacol., July 1, 2005; 45(7): 751 - 762.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
D. Yu, M. Dews, A. Park, J. W. Tobias, and A. Thomas-Tikhonenko
Inactivation of Myc in Murine Two-Hit B lymphomas Causes Dormancy with Elevated Levels of Interleukin 10 Receptor and CD20: Implications for Adjuvant Therapies
Cancer Res., June 15, 2005; 65(12): 5454 - 5461.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
W. Wojciechowski, H. Li, S. Marshall, C. Dell'Agnola, and I. Espinoza-Delgado
Enhanced Expression of CD20 in Human Tumor B Cells Is Controlled through ERK-Dependent Mechanisms
J. Immunol., June 15, 2005; 174(12): 7859 - 7868.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
M. J. Rummel, S. E. Al-Batran, S.-Z. Kim, M. Welslau, R. Hecker, D. Kofahl-Krause, K.-M. Josten, H. Durk, A. Rost, M. Neise, et al.
Bendamustine Plus Rituximab Is Effective and Has a Favorable Toxicity Profile in the Treatment of Mantle Cell and Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
J. Clin. Oncol., May 20, 2005; 23(15): 3383 - 3389.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Hamaguchi, J. Uchida, D. W. Cain, G. M. Venturi, J. C. Poe, K. M. Haas, and T. F. Tedder
The Peritoneal Cavity Provides a Protective Niche for B1 and Conventional B Lymphocytes during Anti-CD20 Immunotherapy in Mice
J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4389 - 4399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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LupusHome page
S A Chambers and D Isenberg
Anti-B cell therapy (Rituximab) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Lupus, March 1, 2005; 14(3): 210 - 214.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
L. N. Gordan, W. B. Grow, A. Pusateri, V. Douglas, N. P. Mendenhall, and J. W. Lynch
Phase II Trial of Individualized Rituximab Dosing for Patients With CD20-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders
J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2005; 23(6): 1096 - 1102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
M.S. Czuczman, A. Koryzna, A. Mohr, C. Stewart, K. Donohue, L. Blumenson, Z.P. Bernstein, P. McCarthy, A. Alam, F. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, et al.
Rituximab in Combination With Fludarabine Chemotherapy in Low-Grade or Follicular Lymphoma
J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2005; 23(4): 694 - 704.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCOHome page
S. J. Horning, A. Younes, V. Jain, S. Kroll, J. Lucas, D. Podoloff, and M. Goris
Efficacy and Safety of Tositumomab and Iodine-131 Tositumomab (Bexxar) in B-Cell Lymphoma, Progressive After Rituximab
J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2005; 23(4): 712 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Rheumatology (Oxford)Home page
M. Tokunaga, K. Fujii, K. Saito, S. Nakayamada, S. Tsujimura, M. Nawata, and Y. Tanaka
Down-regulation of CD40 and CD80 on B cells in patients with life-threatening systemic lupus erythematosus after successful treatment with rituximab
Rheumatology, February 1, 2005; 44(2): 176 - 182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
Q. Gong, Q. Ou, S. Ye, W. P. Lee, J. Cornelius, L. Diehl, W. Y. Lin, Z. Hu, Y. Lu, Y. Chen, et al.
Importance of Cellular Microenvironment and Circulatory Dynamics in B Cell Immunotherapy
J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 817 - 826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
R. B. Michel, A. V. Rosario, P. M. Andrews, D. M. Goldenberg, and M. J. Mattes
Therapy of Small Subcutaneous B-Lymphoma Xenografts with Antibodies Conjugated to Radionuclides Emitting Low-Energy Electrons
Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 11(2): 777 - 786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
J. W. Friedberg, H. Kim, M. McCauley, E. M. Hessel, P. Sims, D. C. Fisher, L. M. Nadler, R. L. Coffman, and A. S. Freedman
Combination immunotherapy with a CpG oligonucleotide (1018 ISS) and rituximab in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: increased interferon-{alpha}/{beta}-inducible gene expression, without significant toxicity
Blood, January 15, 2005; 105(2): 489 - 495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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LupusHome page
H Tahir and D A Isenberg
Novel therapies in lupus nephritis
Lupus, January 1, 2005; 14(1): 77 - 82.
[Abstract] [PDF]



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