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Inhibition of apoptosis by BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia

A Bedi, BA Zehnbauer, JP Barber, SJ Sharkis and RJ Jones

Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287-8967.

BCR-ABL expression is presumed to effect clonal expansion in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by deregulation of cell proliferation. However, most studies have found that relative rates of cell proliferation are not increased in CML. Moreover, we found that CML progenitors display a normal proliferative response to growth factors and do not manifest greater proliferative potential than normal progenitors. Growth of malignancies depends on an imbalance between the rate of cell production and the rate of cell death. We found that BCR-ABL expression inappropriately prolongs the growth factor-independent survival of CML myeloid progenitors and granulocytes by inhibiting apoptosis, a genetically programmed process of active cell death; inhibition of BCR- ABL expression by antisense oligonucleotides reversed the suppression of apoptosis as well as the enhancement of survival. The decreased rate of programmed cell death appears to be the primary mechanism by which BCR-ABL effects expansion of the leukemic clone in CML.

Volume 83, Issue 8, pp. 2038-2044, 04/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology


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Q. P. Dou, T. F. McGuire, Y. Peng, and B. An
Proteasome Inhibition Leads to Significant Reduction of Bcr-Abl Expression and Subsequent Induction of Apoptosis in K562 Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
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M. Nieborowska-Skorska, M. A. Wasik, A. Slupianek, P. Salomoni, T. Kitamura, B. Calabretta, and T. Skorski
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)5 Activation by BCR/ABL Is Dependent on Intact Src Homology (SH)3 and SH2 Domains of BCR/ABL and Is Required for Leukemogenesis
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F. Vinante, A. Rigo, E. Papini, M. A. Cassatella, and G. Pizzolo
Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor/Diphtheria Toxin Receptor Expression by Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
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L. M. Martins, T. J. Kottke, S. H. Kaufmann, and W. C. Earnshaw
Phosphorylated Forms of Activated Caspases Are Present in Cytosol From HL-60 Cells During Etoposide-Induced Apoptosis
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S. Moore, D. N. Haylock, J.-P. Levesque, L. A. McDiarmid, L. M. Samels, L. B. To, P. J. Simmons, and T. P. Hughes
Stem Cell Factor as a Single Agent Induces Selective Proliferation of the Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Fraction of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia CD34+ Cells
Blood, October 1, 1998; 92(7): 2461 - 2470.
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T. Skorski, P. Wlodarski, L. Daheron, P. Salomoni, M. Nieborowska-Skorska, M. Majewski, M. Wasik, and B. Calabretta
BCR/ABL-mediated leukemogenesis requires the activity of the small GTP-binding protein Rac
PNAS, September 29, 1998; 95(20): 11858 - 11862.
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F. Dazzi, D. Capelli, R. Hasserjian, F. Cotter, M. Corbo, A. Poletti, W. Chinswangwatanakul, J. M. Goldman, and M. Y. Gordon
The Kinetics and Extent of Engraftment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells in Non-Obese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice Reflect the Phase of the Donor's Disease: An In Vivo Model of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Biology
Blood, August 15, 1998; 92(4): 1390 - 1396.
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A. M. Gewirtz, D. L. Sokol, and M. Z. Ratajczak
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics: State of the Art and Future Prospects
Blood, August 1, 1998; 92(3): 712 - 736.
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C. Selleri, J. P. Maciejewski, F. Pane, L. Luciano, A. M. Raiola, I. Mostarda, F. Salvatore, and B. Rotoli
Fas-Mediated Modulation of Bcr/Abl in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Results in Differential Effects on Apoptosis
Blood, August 1, 1998; 92(3): 981 - 989.
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P. Salomoni, M. A. Wasik, R. F. Riedel, K. Reiss, J. K. Choi, T. Skorski, and B. Calabretta
Expression of Constitutively Active Raf-1 in the Mitochondria Restores Antiapoptotic and Leukemogenic Potential of a Transformation-deficient BCR/ABL Mutant
J. Exp. Med., June 15, 1998; 187(12): 1995 - 2007.
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R. Bhatia and C. M. Verfaillie
Inhibition of BCR-ABL Expression With Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Restores beta 1 Integrin-Mediated Adhesion and Proliferation Inhibition in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Hematopoietic Progenitors
Blood, May 1, 1998; 91(9): 3414 - 3422.
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L. Dubrez, B. Eymin, O. Sordet, N. Droin, A. G. Turhan, and E. Solary
BCR-ABL Delays Apoptosis Upstream of Procaspase-3 Activation
Blood, April 1, 1998; 91(7): 2415 - 2422.
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K. Yanagisawa, H. Yamauchi, M. Kaneko, H. Kohno, H. Hasegawa, and S. Fujita
Suppression of Cell Proliferation and the Expression of a bcr-abl Fusion Gene and Apoptotic Cell Death in a New Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line, KT-1, by Interferon-alpha
Blood, January 15, 1998; 91(2): 641 - 648.
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D. Blickstein, A. Aviram, J. Luboshitz, M. Prokocimer, P. Stark, O. Bairey, J. Sulkes, and M. Shaklai
BCR-ABL Transcripts in Bone Marrow Aspirates of Philadelphia-Negative Essential Thrombocythemia Patients: Clinical Presentation
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R. A. Brodsky, M. S. Vala, J. P. Barber, M. E. Medof, and R. J. Jones
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S. Qin, Y. Minami, T. Kurosaki, and H. Yamamura
Distinctive Functions of Syk and Lyn in Mediating Osmotic Stress- and Ultraviolet C Irradiation-induced Apoptosis in Chicken B Cells
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A.L. Petzer, C.J. Eaves, M.J. Barnett, and A.C. Eaves
Selective Expansion of Primitive Normal Hematopoietic Cells in Cytokine-Supplemented Cultures of Purified Cells From Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
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J.L. Vaerman, P. Moureau, F. Deldime, P. Lewalle, C. Lammineur, F. Morschhauser, and P. Martiat
Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Suppress Hematologic Cell Growth Through Stepwise Release of Deoxyribonucleotides
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C. Selleri, T. Sato, L. Del Vecchio, L. Luciano, A. J. Barrett, B. Rotoli, N. S. Young, and J. P. Maciejewski
Involvement of Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in the Inhibitory Effects of Interferon-alpha in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Blood, February 1, 1997; 89(3): 957 - 964.
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Regulation of the Fas Apoptotic Cell Death Pathway by Abl
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S. R. Lasky, K. Iwata, A. G. Rosmarin, D. G. Caprio, and A. L. Maizel
Differential Regulation of JunD by Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
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F. Gesbert, W. R. Sellers, S. Signoretti, M. Loda, and J. D. Griffin
BCR/ABL Regulates Expression of the Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Kip1 through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT Pathway
J. Biol. Chem., December 8, 2000; 275(50): 39223 - 39230.
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Y. Parada, L. Banerji, J. Glassford, N. C. Lea, M. Collado, C. Rivas, J. L. Lewis, M. Y. Gordon, N. S. B. Thomas, and E. W.-F. Lam
BCR-ABL and Interleukin 3 Promote Haematopoietic Cell Proliferation and Survival through Modulation of Cyclin D2 and p27Kip1 Expression
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