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Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily: involvement in the pathology of
malignant lymphomas
HJ Gruss and SK Dower
Department of Biochemistry, Immunex Research and Development Corp, Seattle,
WA, USA.
The TNF receptor superfamily members are all type I membrane glycoproteins
with typical homology in the extracellular domain of variable numbers of
cysteine-rich repeats (overall homologies, 25% to 30%). In contrast, the
TNF ligand superfamily members (with the exception of LT alpha) are type II
membrane glycoproteins with homology to TNF in the extracellular domain
(overall homologies, 20%). TNF and LT alpha are trimeric proteins and are
composed of beta-strands forming a beta-jellyroll. The homology of the
beta-strand regions for the TNF ligand superfamily members suggest a
similar beta-sandwich structure and possible trimeric or multimeric complex
formation for most or all members. A genetic linkage, as evidence for
evolutionary relatedness, is found by chromosomal cluster of TNFR p80,
CD30, 4-1BB, and OX40 for 1p36; TNFR p60, TNFR-RP, and CD27 for 12p13; TNF,
LT alpha, and LT beta for 6 (MHC locus); CD27L and 4-1BBL for 19p13; and
FASL and OX40L for 1q25. Of the TNF ligand superfamily, TNF, LT alpha, and
LT beta and their receptors (TNFR p60, TNFR p80, and TNFR-RP) interact in a
complex fashion of cross-binding. However, the other family members
presently have a one ligand/one receptor binding principle (CD27/CD27L,
CD30/CD30L, CD40/CD40L, 4-1BB/4-1BBL, OX40/gp34, and FAS/FASL). In general,
the members of the TNF ligand superfamily mediate interaction between
different hematopoietic cells, such as T cell/B cell, T cell/monocyte, and
T cell/T cell. Signals can be transduced not only through the receptors but
also through at least some of the ligands. The transduced signals can be
stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the target cell or the activation
state. Taken together, TNF superfamily ligands show for the immune response
an involvement in the induction of cytokine secretion and the upregulation
of adhesion molecules, activation antigens, and costimulatory proteins, all
known to amplify stimulatory and regulatory signals. On the other hand,
differences in the distribution, kinetics of induction, and requirements
for induction support a defined role for each of the ligands for
T-cell-mediated immune responses. The shedding of members of the TNF
receptor superfamily could limit the signals mediated by the corresponding
ligands as a functional regulatory mechanism. Induction of cytotoxic cell
death, observed for TNF, LT alpha, CD30L, CD95L, and 4-1BBL, is another
common functional feature of this cytokine family. Further studies have to
identify unique versus redundant biologic and physiologic functions for
each of the TNF superfamily ligands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Volume 85,
Issue 12,
pp. 3378-3404,
06/15/1995
Copyright © 1995 by The American Society of Hematology

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A. E. Morris, R. L. Remmele Jr., R. Klinke, B. M. Macduff, W. C. Fanslow, and R. J. Armitage
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J. D. Pound, A. Challa, M. J. Holder, R. J. Armitage, S. K. Dower, W. C. Fanslow, H. Kikutani, S. Paulie, C. D. Gregory, and J. Gordon
Minimal cross-linking and epitope requirements for CD40-dependent suppression of apoptosis contrast with those for promotion of the cell cycle and homotypic adhesions in human B cells
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L. M. Higgins, S. A. C. McDonald, N. Whittle, N. Crockett, J. G. Shields, and T. T. MacDonald
Regulation of T Cell Activation In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting the OX40-OX40 Ligand Interaction: Amelioration of Ongoing Inflammatory Bowel Disease with an OX40-IgG Fusion Protein, But Not with an OX40 Ligand-IgG Fusion Protein
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T. J. Yun, P. M. Chaudhary, G. L. Shu, J. K. Frazer, M. K. Ewings, S. M. Schwartz, V. Pascual, L. E. Hood, and E. A. Clark3
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N. Voorzanger-Rousselot, M.-C. Favrot, and J.-Y. Blay
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J. A. Harrop, P. C. McDonnell, M. Brigham-Burke, S. D. Lyn, J. Minton, K. B. Tan, K. Dede, J. Spampanato, C. Silverman, P. Hensley, et al.
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T. S. Griffith, W. A. Chin, G. C. Jackson, D. H. Lynch, and M. Z. Kubin
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A. Ashkenazi and V. M. Dixit
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J. A. Harrop, M. Reddy, K. Dede, M. Brigham-Burke, S. Lyn, K. B. Tan, C. Silverman, C. Eichman, R. DiPrinzio, J. Spampanato, et al.
Antibodies to TR2 (Herpesvirus Entry Mediator), a New Member of the TNF Receptor Superfamily, Block T Cell Proliferation, Expression of Activation Markers, and Production of Cytokines
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H Ueyama, T Kiyohara, N Sawada, K Isozaki, S Kitamura, S Kondo, J Miyagawa, S Kanayama, Y Shinomura, H Ishikawa, et al.
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K. Ohtani, A. Tsujimoto, T. Tsukahara, N. Numata, S. Miura, K. Sugamura, and M. Nakamura
Molecular Mechanisms of Promoter Regulation of the gp34 Gene That Is Trans-activated by an Oncoprotein Tax of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I
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E. J. Schattner, J. Mascarenhas, I. Reyfman, M. Koshy, C. Woo, S. M. Friedman, and M. K. Crow
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J. Plumas, M.-C. Jacob, L. Chaperot, J.-P. Molens, J.-J. Sotto, and J.-C. Bensa
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C. Messineo, M. H. Jamerson, E. Hunter, R. Braziel, A. Bagg, S. G. Irving, and J. Cossman
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H. Yasuda, N. Shima, N. Nakagawa, K. Yamaguchi, M. Kinosaki, S.-i. Mochizuki, A. Tomoyasu, K. Yano, M. Goto, A. Murakami, et al.
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D. Spaner, K. Raju, L. Radvanyi, Y. Lin, and R. G. Miller
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H. Yasuda, N. Shima, N. Nakagawa, S.-I. Mochizuki, K. Yano, N. Fujise, Y. Sato, M. Goto, K. Yamaguchi, M. Kuriyama, et al.
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M. C. Gilfillan, P. J. Noel, E. R. Podack, S. L. Reiner, and C. B. Thompson
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J. Langstein, J. Michel, J. Fritsche, M. Kreutz, R. Andreesen, and H. Schwarz
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S. Aggarwal and S. Gupta
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I. Suzuki and P. J. Fink
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R. H. A. a. C. B. Thompson
4-1BB and Ox40 Are Members of a Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Subfamily That Bind TNF Receptor-Associated Factors and Activate Nuclear Factor kappa B
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C. S. Duckett and C. B. Thompson
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M.-Y. Wu, T.-L. Hsu, W.-W. Lin, R. D. Campbell, and S.-L. Hsieh
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G. Nocentini, L. Giunchi, S. Ronchetti, L. T. Krausz, A. Bartoli, R. Moraca, G. Migliorati, and C. Riccardi
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S. A. Marsters, T. M. Ayres, M. Skubatch, C. L. Gray, M. Rothe, and A. Ashkenazi
Herpesvirus Entry Mediator, a Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) Family, Interacts with Members of the TNFR-associated Factor Family and Activates the Transcription Factors NF-kappa B and AP-1
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E. Ayroldi, G. Migliorati, L. Cannarile, R. Moraca, D. V. Delfino, and C. Riccardi
CD2 Rescues T Cells From T-Cell Receptor/CD3 Apoptosis: A Role for the Fas/Fas-L System
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A. Imura, T. Hori, K. Imada, S. Kawamata, Y. Tanaka, S. Imamura, and T. Uchiyama
OX40 Expressed on Fresh Leukemic Cells From Adult T-Cell Leukemia Patients Mediates Cell Adhesion to Vascular Endothelial Cells: Implication for the Possible Involvement of OX40 in Leukemic Cell Infiltration
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V. Gattei, M. Degan, A. Gloghini, A. De Iuliis, S. Improta, F. M. Rossi, D. Aldinucci, V. Perin, D. Serraino, R. Babare, et al.
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A. Al-Shamkhani, S. Mallett, M. H. Brown, W. James, and A. N. Barclay
Affinity and Kinetics of the Interaction between Soluble Trimeric OX40 Ligand, a Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily, and Its Receptor OX40 on Activated T Cells
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E. N. Tsitsikov, D. A. Wright, and R. S. Geha
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S. Ansieau, I. Scheffrahn, G. Mosialos, H. Brand, J. Duyster, K. Kaye, J. Harada, B. Dougall, G. Hubinger, E. Kieff, et al.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-1, TRAF-2, and TRAF-3 interact in vivo with the CD30 cytoplasmic domain; TRAF-2 mediates CD30-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation
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R. M. Pitti, S. A. Marsters, S. Ruppert, C. J. Donahue, A. Moore, and A. Ashkenazi
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R. W. Gedrich, M. C. Gilfillan, C. S. Duckett, J. L. Van Dongen, and C. B. Thompson
CD30 Contains Two Binding Sites with Different Specificities for Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor Family of Signal Transducing Proteins
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L. A. Schubert, G. King, R. Q. Cron, D. B. Lewis, A. Aruffo, and D. Hollenbaugh
The Human gp39 Promoter
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T. Kojima, Y. Morikawa, N. G. Copeland, D. J. Gilbert, N. A. Jenkins, E. Senba, and T. Kitamura
TROY, a Newly Identified Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Exhibits a Homology with Edar and Is Expressed in Embryonic Skin and Hair Follicles
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