|
|
 Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article 
Direct demonstration of cytokine synthesis heterogeneity among human
memory/effector T cells by flow cytometry
LJ Picker, MK Singh, Z Zdraveski, JR Treer, SL Waldrop, PR Bergstresser and VC Maino
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas 75235-9072, USA.
The array of cytokines produced by T cells in effector sites is a primary
means by which these cells mediate host defense. It is well recognized that
cloned T cells are heterogeneous with regard to cytokine synthesis and,
thus, in their ability to mediate specific immune responses, but the extent
to which the patterns of cytokine secretion observed in cloned cells
reflect actual populations of memory/effector T cells existing in vivo is
largely unknown. Here, we report our findings using a multiparameter flow
cytometric assay that allows simultaneous determination of an individual
T-cell's ability to produce multiple cytokines and its phenotype after only
short (4 to 8 hours) in vitro incubation with an activating stimulus and
the secretion inhibitor Brefeldin A. This assay shows a rapid accumulation
of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in the
cytoplasm of CD4+ cells after stimulation with either accessory cell-
independent (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA] + ionomycin [I]) or
accessory cell-dependent (staphylococcal enterotoxins [SE] A and B) T-
cell-activating stimuli. Further analysis showed that production of
gamma-IFN and IL-4 is predominantly, if not exclusively, restricted to the
CD45ROhigh memory/effector T-cell subset, whereas IL-2 may be produced by
both the CD45ROhigh and CD45ROlow subsets. Simultaneous determination of
IL-2 and gamma-IFN production among CD45ROhigh/CD4+ T cells showed distinct
subsets that produce each of these cytokines alone (an average of 30% for
IL-2 alone, 8% for gamma-IFN alone), both (16%), or neither (46%). Similar
analyses with the small IL-4-producing memory/effector T-cell subset (only
4.3% of total CD4+/CD45ROhigh T cells) showed that an average of 51% of
these IL-4-producing cells also synthesize average of 51% of these
IL-4-producing cells also synthesize IL-2, 23% synthesize only IL-4, 16%
synthesize all three cytokines, and 9.6% synthesize IL-4 and gamma-IFN.
These patterns of cytokine synthesis were found to be similar with both PMA
+ I and SEA/SEB stimulation and were observed in both peripheral blood
memory/effector CD4+ T cells and in T cells of similar phenotype obtained
from cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity sites. Taken together, these
data strongly support the in vivo existence of human memory/effector T-
cell subsets with "preprogrammed" cytokine synthesis potential, although
they suggest that these subsets may be more complex than originally
proposed in the TH1/TH2 hypothesis.
Volume 86,
Issue 4,
pp. 1408-1419,
08/15/1995
Copyright © 1995 by The American Society of Hematology
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
W. L. Leung, K. L. Law, V. S. S. Leung, C. W. Yip, C. C. Leung, C. M. Tam, and K. M. Kam
Comparison of Intracellular Cytokine Flow Cytometry and an Enzyme Immunoassay for Evaluation of Cellular Immune Response to Active Tuberculosis
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
March 1, 2009;
16(3):
344 - 351.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Lash, H. A. Otun, B. A. Innes, M. Kirkley, L. De Oliveira, R. F. Searle, S. C. Robson, and J. N. Bulmer
Interferon-{gamma} inhibits extravillous trophoblast cell invasion by a mechanism that involves both changes in apoptosis and protease levels
FASEB J,
December 1, 2006;
20(14):
2512 - 2518.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ando, A. Shibuya, M. Yasuda, N. Azuma, K. Tsuchiya, T. Akiba, and K. Nitta
Impairment of innate cellular response to in vitro stimuli in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.,
November 1, 2005;
20(11):
2497 - 2503.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Terrazzano, M. Sica, C. Becchimanzi, S. Costantini, B. Rotoli, S. Zappacosta, F. Alfinito, and G. Ruggiero
T cells from paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) patients show an altered CD40-dependent pathway
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
July 1, 2005;
78(1):
27 - 36.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Methe, S. Brunner, D. Wiegand, M. Nabauer, J. Koglin, and E. R. Edelman
Enhanced T-Helper-1 Lymphocyte Activation Patterns in Acute Coronary Syndromes
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
June 21, 2005;
45(12):
1939 - 1945.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Sandoval-Montes and L. Santos-Argumedo
CD38 is expressed selectively during the activation of a subset of mature T cells with reduced proliferation but improved potential to produce cytokines
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
April 1, 2005;
77(4):
513 - 521.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Schaerli, M. Britschgi, M. Keller, U. C. Steiner, L. S. Steinmann, B. Moser, and W. J. Pichler
Characterization of Human T Cells That Regulate Neutrophilic Skin Inflammation
J. Immunol.,
August 1, 2004;
173(3):
2151 - 2158.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Y. Sutton, B. Holland, T. N. Denny, A. Garcia, Z. Garcia, D. Stein, and A. D. Bardeguez
Effect of Pregnancy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Intracellular Interleukin-2 Production Patterns
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
July 1, 2004;
11(4):
780 - 785.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Chen, X. Cui, G. D. Sempowski, J. Domen, and N. J. Chao
Hematopoietic stem cell dose correlates with the speed of immune reconstitution after stem cell transplantation
Blood,
June 1, 2004;
103(11):
4344 - 4352.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Munn, M. D. Sharma, and A. L. Mellor
Ligation of B7-1/B7-2 by Human CD4+ T Cells Triggers Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol.,
April 1, 2004;
172(7):
4100 - 4110.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Baker-LePain, M. Sarzotti, and C. V. Nicchitta
Glucose-Regulated Protein 94/Glycoprotein 96 Elicits Bystander Activation of CD4+ T Cell Th1 Cytokine Production In Vivo
J. Immunol.,
April 1, 2004;
172(7):
4195 - 4203.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shimada, E. H. Kato, M. Morikawa, K. Iwabuchi, R. Nishida, R. Kishi, K. Onoe, H. Minakami, and H. Yamada
No difference in natural killer or natural killer T-cell population, but aberrant T-helper cell population in the endometrium of women with repeated miscarriage
Hum. Reprod.,
April 1, 2004;
19(4):
1018 - 1024.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Tu, S. Chen, M. Sharp, C. Dekker, A. M. Manganello, E. C. Tongson, H. T. Maecker, T. H. Holmes, Z. Wang, G. Kemble, et al.
Persistent and Selective Deficiency of CD4+ T Cell Immunity to Cytomegalovirus in Immunocompetent Young Children
J. Immunol.,
March 1, 2004;
172(5):
3260 - 3267.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Kang, T. Quan, H. Nolasco, S.-H. Park, M. S. Hong, J. Crouch, E. G. Pamer, J. G. Howe, and J. Craft
Defective Control of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
J. Immunol.,
January 15, 2004;
172(2):
1287 - 1294.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. U. Vogel, M. R. Reynolds, D. H. Fuller, K. Vielhuber, T. Shipley, J. T. Fuller, K. J. Kunstman, G. Sutter, M. L. Marthas, V. Erfle, et al.
Multispecific Vaccine-Induced Mucosal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Reduce Acute-Phase Viral Replication but Fail in Long-Term Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239
J. Virol.,
December 15, 2003;
77(24):
13348 - 13360.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sun, R. Schwenk, K. White, J. A. Stoute, J. Cohen, W. R. Ballou, G. Voss, K. E. Kester, D. G. Heppner, and U. Krzych
Protective Immunity Induced with Malaria Vaccine, RTS,S, Is Linked to Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Producing IFN-{gamma}
J. Immunol.,
December 15, 2003;
171(12):
6961 - 6967.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Miyazaki, H. Tsuda, M. Sakai, S. Hori, Y. Sasaki, T. Futatani, T. Miyawaki, and S. Saito
Predominance of Th2-promoting dendritic cells in early human pregnancy decidua
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
October 1, 2003;
74(4):
514 - 522.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Marshall, M. A. Vickers, and R. N. Barker
Regulatory T Cells Secreting IL-10 Dominate the Immune Response to EBV Latent Membrane Protein 1
J. Immunol.,
June 15, 2003;
170(12):
6183 - 6189.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V Brown, T J Warke, M D Shields, and M Ennis
T cell cytokine profiles in childhood asthma
Thorax,
April 1, 2003;
58(4):
311 - 316.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Hines, D. M. Stone, M. T. Hines, D. C. Alperin, D. P. Knowles, L. K. Norton, M. J. Hamilton, W. C. Davis, and T. C. McGuire
Clearance of Virulent but Not Avirulent Rhodococcus equi from the Lungs of Adult Horses Is Associated with Intracytoplasmic Gamma Interferon Production by CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
March 1, 2003;
10(2):
208 - 215.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Lang, C. Weigert, S. Braedel, S. Fillon, M. Palmada, E. Schleicher, H.-G. Rammensee, and F. Lang
Inhibition of interferon-gamma expression by osmotic shrinkage of peripheral blood lymphocytes
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,
January 1, 2003;
284(1):
C200 - C208.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhang, E. F. Lizzio, E. Gubina, T. Chen, H. Mostowski, and S. Kozlowski
Organ-Specific Cytokine Polarization Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Transgenic T Cells
J. Immunol.,
November 15, 2002;
169(10):
5514 - 5521.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. U. Vogel, H. Horton, D. H. Fuller, D. K. Carter, K. Vielhuber, D. H. O'Connor, T. Shipley, J. Fuller, G. Sutter, V. Erfle, et al.
Differences Between T Cell Epitopes Recognized After Immunization and After Infection
J. Immunol.,
October 15, 2002;
169(8):
4511 - 4521.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. U. Vogel, T. C. Friedrich, D. H. O'Connor, W. Rehrauer, E. J. Dodds, H. Hickman, W. Hildebrand, J. Sidney, A. Sette, A. Hughes, et al.
Escape in One of Two Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes Bound by a High-Frequency Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule, Mamu-A*02: a Paradigm for Virus Evolution and Persistence?
J. Virol.,
October 11, 2002;
76(22):
11623 - 11636.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ahmadzadeh and D. L. Farber
Functional plasticity of an antigen-specific memory CD4 T cell population
PNAS,
September 3, 2002;
99(18):
11802 - 11807.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hudak, M. Hagen, Y. Liu, D. Catron, E. Oldham, L. M. McEvoy, and E. P. Bowman
Immune Surveillance and Effector Functions of CCR10+ Skin Homing T Cells
J. Immunol.,
August 1, 2002;
169(3):
1189 - 1196.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Horton, T. U. Vogel, D. K. Carter, K. Vielhuber, D. H. Fuller, T. Shipley, J. T. Fuller, K. J. Kunstman, G. Sutter, D. C. Montefiori, et al.
Immunization of Rhesus Macaques with a DNA Prime/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Boost Regimen Induces Broad Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific T-Cell Responses and Reduces Initial Viral Replication but Does Not Prevent Disease Progression following Challenge with Pathogenic SIVmac239
J. Virol.,
June 14, 2002;
76(14):
7187 - 7202.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Schmitz, T. N. Denny, A. Garcia, and J. L. Lathey
Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antigens as Stimulants for Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
May 1, 2002;
9(3):
525 - 529.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Miyake, H. Nakashima, M. Akahoshi, Y. Inoue, S. Nagano, Y. Tanaka, K. Masutani, H. Hirakata, H. Gondo, T. Otsuka, et al.
Genetically determined interferon-{gamma} production influences the histological phenotype of lupus nephritis
Rheumatology,
May 1, 2002;
41(5):
518 - 524.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Koehne, K. M. Smith, T. L. Ferguson, R. Y. Williams, G. Heller, E. G. Pamer, B. Dupont, and R. J. O'Reilly
Quantitation, selection, and functional characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-specific and alloreactive T cells detected by intracellular interferon-gamma production and growth of cytotoxic precursors
Blood,
March 1, 2002;
99(5):
1730 - 1740.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Ansari, A. E. Mayne, J. B. Sundstrom, P. Bostik, B. Grimm, J. D. Altman, and F. Villinger
Administration of Recombinant Rhesus Interleukin-12 during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection Leads to Decreased Viral Loads Associated with Prolonged Survival in SIVmac251-Infected Rhesus Macaques
J. Virol.,
February 15, 2002;
76(4):
1731 - 1743.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. M. Lobo, P. R. Scholl, and R. L. Fuleihan
CD40 Ligand-Deficient T Cells from X-Linked Hyper-IgM Syndrome Carriers Have Intrinsic Priming Capability
J. Immunol.,
February 1, 2002;
168(3):
1473 - 1478.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Pitcher, S. I. Hagen, J. M. Walker, R. Lum, B. L. Mitchell, V. C. Maino, M. K. Axthelm, and L. J. Picker
Development and Homeostasis of T Cell Memory in Rhesus Macaque
J. Immunol.,
January 1, 2002;
168(1):
29 - 43.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M de la Torre, R Alcazar, D S. de la Nieta, J Nieto, I Ferreras, and J M Urra
Lupus relapse after prostaglandin E1 administration: activation of a cytokine cascade?
Ann Rheum Dis,
January 1, 2002;
61(1):
91 - 92.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wang and T. Mosmann
In Vivo Priming of Cd4 T Cells That Produce Interleukin (Il)-2 but Not IL-4 or Interferon (Ifn)-{gamma}, and Can Subsequently Differentiate into IL-4-Or IFN-{gamma}-Secreting Cells
J. Exp. Med.,
October 15, 2001;
194(8):
1069 - 1080.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Sadanaga, H. Nagashima, K. Mashino, K. Tahara, H. Yamaguchi, M. Ohta, T. Fujie, F. Tanaka, H. Inoue, K. Takesako, et al.
Dendritic Cell Vaccination with MAGE Peptide Is A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Gastrointestinal Carcinomas
Clin. Cancer Res.,
August 1, 2001;
7(8):
2277 - 2284.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. De Paoli
Immunological Effects of Interleukin-2 Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Subjects
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
July 1, 2001;
8(4):
671 - 677.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Sellati, S. L. Waldrop, J. C. Salazar, P. R. Bergstresser, L. J. Picker, and J. D. Radolf
The Cutaneous Response in Humans to Treponema pallidum Lipoprotein Analogues Involves Cellular Elements of Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity
J. Immunol.,
March 15, 2001;
166(6):
4131 - 4140.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Scott, M. Nakagawa, and A.-B. Moscicki
Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus Infection
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
March 1, 2001;
8(2):
209 - 220.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Baran, D. Kowalczyk, M. Ozog, and M. Zembala
Three-Color Flow Cytometry Detection of Intracellular Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Comparative Analysis of Phorbol Myristate Acetate-Ionomycin and Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
March 1, 2001;
8(2):
303 - 313.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. U. Vogel, T. M. Allen, J. D. Altman, and D. I. Watkins
Functional Impairment of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells during the Chronic Phase of Infection
J. Virol.,
March 1, 2001;
75(5):
2458 - 2461.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Schaerli, K. Willimann, A. B. Lang, M. Lipp, P. Loetscher, and B. Moser
Cxc Chemokine Receptor 5 Expression Defines Follicular Homing T Cells with B Cell Helper Function
J. Exp. Med.,
December 4, 2000;
192(11):
1553 - 1562.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shimizu, S.-i. Fujii, K. Fujimoto, K. Kawa, A. Yamada, and F. Kawano
Tacrolimus (FK506) treatment of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells promote the development of dendritic cells that drive CD4+ T cells toward Th2 responses
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
November 1, 2000;
68(5):
633 - 640.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Huber, D. Graveline, M. K. Newell, W. K. Born, and R. L. O'Brien
V{gamma}1+ T Cells Suppress and V{gamma}4+ T Cells Promote Susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis in Mice
J. Immunol.,
October 15, 2000;
165(8):
4174 - 4181.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Yamamoto, Y. Adachi, Y. Onoue, Y. S. Adachi, Y. Okabe, T. Itazawa, M. Toyoda, T. Seki, M. Morohashi, K. Matsushima, et al.
Differential expression of the chemokine receptors by the Th1- and Th2-type effector populations within circulating CD4+ T cells
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
October 1, 2000;
68(4):
568 - 574.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Davis, L. M. Pfeiffer, and D. R. Hemenway
Interferon-gamma Production by Specific Lung Lymphocyte Phenotypes in Silicosis in Mice
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.,
April 1, 2000;
22(4):
491 - 501.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Karanikas, J. Lodding, V. C. Maino, and I. F. C. McKenzie
Flow Cytometric Measurement of Intracellular Cytokines Detects Immune Responses in MUC1 Immunotherapy
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2000;
6(3):
829 - 837.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Karulin, M. D. Hesse, M. Tary-Lehmann, and P. V. Lehmann
Single-Cytokine-Producing CD4 Memory Cells Predominate in Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity
J. Immunol.,
February 15, 2000;
164(4):
1862 - 1872.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Kwak, N. H. Augustine, W. G. Borges, J. L. Joyner, W. F. Green, and H. R. Hill
Intracellular and Extracellular Cytokine Production by Human Mixed Mononuclear Cells in Response to Group B Streptococci
Infect. Immun.,
January 1, 2000;
68(1):
320 - 327.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Mitra, S. C. De Rosa, A. Luke, A. Balamurugan, B. K. Khaitan, J. Tung, N. K. Mehra, A. I. Terr, A. O'Garra, L. A. Herzenberg, et al.
Differential representations of memory T cell subsets are characteristic of polarized immunity in leprosy and atopic diseases
Int. Immunol.,
November 1, 1999;
11(11):
1801 - 1810.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, A. Shehabeldin, L. A.G. da Cruz, J. Butler, A.-K. Somani, M. McGavin, I. Kozieradzki, A. O. dos Santos, A. Nagy, S. Grinstein, et al.
Antigen Receptor-Induced Activation and Cytoskeletal Rearrangement Are Impaired in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein-Deficient Lymphocytes
J. Exp. Med.,
November 1, 1999;
190(9):
1329 - 1342.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kuzushima, Y. Hoshino, K. Fujii, N. Yokoyama, M. Fujita, T. Kiyono, H. Kimura, T. Morishima, Y. Morishima, and T. Tsurumi
Rapid Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Frequencies by Flow Cytometry
Blood,
November 1, 1999;
94(9):
3094 - 3100.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Yin, S. Siegert, L. Neure, M. Grolms, L. Liu, U. Eggens, A. Radbruch, J. Braun, and J. Sieper
The elevated ratio of interferon gamma-/ interleukin-4-positive T cells found in synovial fluid and synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis patients can be changed by interleukin-4 but not by interleukin-10 or transforming growth factor beta
Rheumatology,
November 1, 1999;
38(11):
1058 - 1067.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. McCoig, G. Van Dyke, C.-S. Chou, L. J. Picker, O. Ramilo, and E. S. Vitetta
An anti-CD45RO immunotoxin eliminates T cells latently infected with HIV-1 in vitro
PNAS,
September 28, 1999;
96(20):
11482 - 11485.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Doherty, S. Norris, L. Madrigal-Estebas, G. McEntee, O. Traynor, J. E. Hegarty, and C. O'Farrelly
The Human Liver Contains Multiple Populations of NK Cells, T Cells, and CD3+CD56+ Natural T Cells with Distinct Cytotoxic Activities and Th1, Th2, and Th0 Cytokine Secretion Patterns
J. Immunol.,
August 15, 1999;
163(4):
2314 - 2321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Huber, J. E. Stone, D. H. Wagner Jr., J. Kupperman, L. Pfeiffer, C. David, R. L. O'Brien, G. S. Davis, and M. K. Newell
gamma delta + T Cells Regulate Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (IA and IE)-Dependent Susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Autoimmune Myocarditis
J. Virol.,
July 1, 1999;
73(7):
5630 - 5636.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Huber, J. Kupperman, and M. K. Newell
Hormonal Regulation of CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis in Mice
J. Virol.,
June 1, 1999;
73(6):
4689 - 4695.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-S. He, B. Rehermann, F. X. Lopez-Labrador, J. Boisvert, R. Cheung, J. Mumm, H. Wedemeyer, M. Berenguer, T. L. Wright, M. M. Davis, et al.
Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and liver using peptide-MHC tetramers
PNAS,
May 11, 1999;
96(10):
5692 - 5697.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Davis, L. M. Pfeiffer, and D. R. Hemenway
Expansion of Interferon-gamma -Producing Lung Lymphocytes in Mouse Silicosis
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.,
April 1, 1999;
20(4):
813 - 824.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Sousa, A. F. Chaves, M. Doroana, F. Antunes, and R. M. M. Victorino
Kinetics of the Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets Defined by Cytokine Production at Single Cell Level During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection
J. Immunol.,
March 15, 1999;
162(6):
3718 - 3726.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nagata, K. Tanaka, K. Ogawa, K. Kemmotsu, T. Imai, O. Yoshie, H. Abe, K. Tada, M. Nakamura, K. Sugamura, et al.
Selective Expression of a Novel Surface Molecule by Human Th2 Cells In Vivo
J. Immunol.,
February 1, 1999;
162(3):
1278 - 1286.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.-N. Lee, M. Duvic, C.-K. Tang, C. Bueso-Ramos, Z. Estrov, and J. M. Reuben
Dysregulated Synthesis of Intracellular Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokines by T Cells of Patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Clin. Vaccine Immunol.,
January 1, 1999;
6(1):
79 - 84.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Durig, E. A. de Wynter, C. Kasper, M. A. Cross, J. Chang, N. G. Testa, and C. M. Heyworth
Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1alpha Receptors in Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells and Their Modulation by Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interferon-gamma
Blood,
November 1, 1998;
92(9):
3073 - 3081.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Ma and J. S. Pober
Human Endothelial Cells Effectively Costimulate Cytokine Production by, But Not Differentiation of, Naive CD4+ T Cells
J. Immunol.,
September 1, 1998;
161(5):
2158 - 2167.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Walker, J. Checkel, S. Cammisuli, P. J. Leibson, and G. J. Gleich
IL-5 Production by NK Cells Contributes to Eosinophil Infiltration in a Mouse Model of Allergic Inflammation
J. Immunol.,
August 15, 1998;
161(4):
1962 - 1969.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Ledru, H. Lecoeur, S. Garcia, T. Debord, and M.-L. Gougeon
Differential Susceptibility to Activation-Induced Apoptosis Among Peripheral Th1 Subsets: Correlation with Bcl-2 Expression and Consequences for AIDS Pathogenesis
J. Immunol.,
April 1, 1998;
160(7):
3194 - 3206.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Coppola, A. Veronesi, S. Indraccolo, F. Calderazzo, M. Mion, S. Minuzzo, G. Esposito, D. Mauro, B. Silvestri, P. Gallo, et al.
Lymphoproliferative Disease in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell-Injected SCID Mice. IV. Differential Activation of Human Th1 and Th2 Lymphocytes and Influence of the Atopic Status on Lymphoma Development
J. Immunol.,
March 1, 1998;
160(5):
2514 - 2522.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hamann, P. A. Baars, M. H.G. Rep, B. Hooibrink, S. R. Kerkhof-Garde, M. R. Klein, and R. A.W. v. Lier
Phenotypic and Functional Separation of Memory and Effector Human CD8+ T Cells
J. Exp. Med.,
November 3, 1997;
186(9):
1407 - 1418.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
