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High resolution HLA matching associated with decreased mortality after
unrelated bone marrow transplantation
DE Speiser, JM Tiercy, N Rufer, C Grundschober, A Gratwohl, B Chapuis, C Helg, CC Loliger, MK Siren, E Roosnek and M Jeannet
Laboratoire National de Reference pour l'Histocompatibilite, Hopital
Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve, Switzerland.
As compared with related HLA-identical sibling donors, bone marrow
transplantation (BMT) with phenotypically HLA ABDR-compatible unrelated
donors is associated with increased mortality. This may be due to hidden
HLA incompatibilities not detected by conventional typing. We have analyzed
44 unrelated patient-donor pairs who were matched for HLA- A, -B, and -DR
by routine tissue typing. Our comprehensive HLA typing approach consisted
of serology, cytotoxic T-cell precursor (CTLp) tests, T-cell cloning,
oligotyping, and DNA sequencing. Using these techniques, we identified
numerous HLA allele mismatches not detected by the previously applied
routine typing. Twenty-four patient-donor pairs were highly matched and had
a low CTLp frequency, whereas the remaining 20 pairs were allele-mismatched
for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DQ antigens and/or had a positive result of the
CTLp test. Patient and donor age, diagnosis, and treatment did not differ
significantly between the matched and mismatched transplants. The
probability for severe acute graft-versus-host disease grades III-IV was
21% in the matched and 47% in the mismatched patients (P = .0464).
Transplant- related mortality was 21% and 57% (P = .0072) and actuarial
patient survival rates at 3 years were 61% and 13% (P = .0005). We conclude
that both HLA class I and class II allele mismatches between unrelated
phenotypically ABDR-compatible patient-donor pairs are frequent and
associated with increased incidence of posttransplant complications.
Volume 87,
Issue 10,
pp. 4455-4462,
05/15/1996
Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology
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