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Allogeneic cell therapy with donor peripheral blood cells and recombinant
human interleukin-2 to treat leukemia relapse after allogeneic bone marrow
transplantation
S Slavin, E Naparstek, A Nagler, A Ackerstein, S Samuel, J Kapelushnik, C Brautbar and R Or
Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah University Hospital,
Jerusalem, Israel.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only effective
treatment for hematologic malignancies resistant to conventional
chemotherapy. Until recently, no cure existed for patients who relapsed
post-BMT. We present our long-term observations on remission induction,
after relapse post-BMT, by allogeneic cell therapy (allo-CT) and the
feasibility of remission induction in allo-CT-resistant patients by
activation of antileukemia effector cells with recombinant human
interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) in vitro and in vivo. The longest observation of
successful allo-CT (event-free survival, greater than 8 years) was made in
a patient with resistant pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia who received
infusions with graded increments of donor (female) peripheral blood
lymphocytes (PBL) as soon as bulky hematologic and extramedullary relapse
was noticed early post-BMT. The patient is currently without evidence of
residual host (male) cells as determined by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR). Of 17 patients with acute and chronic leukemia in relapse after BMT,
10 were reinduced into complete remission. Four patients with cytogenetic
relapse responded to allo-CT alone, while five of six patients with overt
hematologic relapse responded only after additional activation of donor
with rhIL-2. Allo-CT can, therefore, successfully reverse
chemoradiotherapy-resistant relapse of both acute and chronic leukemia.
Moreover, in patients resistant to donor lymphocyte infusion, remission can
be accomplished by additionally activating donor PBL in vitro and/or in
vivo with rhIL-2. Based on our observations, after BMT, allo-CT should be
considered the treatment of choice for patients with hematologic
malignancies resistant to conventional anticancer modalities. Allogeneic
activated cell therapy (allo ACT) should be considered for patients with
tumor cells resistant to allo-CT. Although allo-CT, followed if indicated
by allo-ACT, can be effective for patients with overt hematologic relapse,
reversal of persistent minimal residual disease or documented
molecular/cytogenetic relapse early after BMT may also be considered as a
possible indication for allo-CT.
Volume 87,
Issue 6,
pp. 2195-2204,
03/15/1996
Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology

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