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This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Mrozek, E Articles by Caligiuri, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mrozek, E Articles by Caligiuri, M. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Role of interleukin-15 in the development of human CD56+ natural killer cells from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells E Mrozek, P Anderson and MA Caligiuri Department of Hematologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Human natural killer (NK) cells are bone marrow (BM)-derived CD2+CD16+CD56+ large granular lymphocytes (LGL) that lack CD3 yet contain the T-cell receptor zeta-chain (zeta-TCR). NK cells provide requisite interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) during the early stages of infection in several experimental animal models. A number of studies have shown that human CD3-CD56+ NK cells can be obtained from BM- derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) cultured in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and an allogeneic feeder cell layer, or IL-2 and other hematopoietic growth factors such as the c-kit ligand (KL). The failure to detect the IL-2 gene product within the BM stroma and the presence of NK cells in IL-2-deficient mice suggested that cytokines other than IL-2 may participate in NK cell differentiation from HPCs in vivo. IL-15 is a cytokine which, while lacking any sequence homology in IL-2, can activate cells via the IL-2 receptor. Here we show that human BM stromal cells express the IL-15 transcript, and supernatants from long-term BM stromal cell cultures contain IL-15 protein. In vitro, CD3-CD56+ NK cells can be obtained from 21-day cultures of CD34+ HPCs supplemented with IL-15 in the absence of IL-2, stromal cells, or other cytokines. The addition of the KL to these cultures had no effect on the differentiation of the CD3-CD56+ cytotoxic effector cells, but greatly enhanced their expansion. The majority of these cells lack CD2 and CD16, but do express zeta-TCR. Similar to NK cells found in peripheral blood, the CD2-CD16-CD56+ NK cells grown in the presence of IL-15 were found to be potent producers of IFN-gamma in response to monocyte-derived cytokines. Thus IL-15, like KL, appears to be produced by BM stromal cells. IL-15 can induce CD34+ HPCs to differentiate into CD3-CD56+ NK cells, and KL can amplify this. Therefore, IL-15 may be a physiologically relevant ligand for NK cell differentiation in vivo. Volume 87, Issue 7, pp. 2632-2640, 04/01/1996 Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: J. L. Meade, E. B. Wilson, T. D. Holmes, E. A. de Wynter, P. Brett, L. Straszynski, P. A. S. Ballard, J. A. Trapani, M. F. McDermott, and G. P. Cook Proteolytic Activation of the Cytotoxic Phenotype during Human NK Cell Development J. Immunol., July 15, 2009; 183(2): 803 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] K. Haraguchi, T. Suzuki, N. Koyama, K. Kumano, F. Nakahara, A. Matsumoto, Y. Yokoyama, M. Sakata-Yanagimoto, S. Masuda, T. Takahashi, et al. Notch Activation Induces the Generation of Functional NK Cells from Human Cord Blood CD34-Positive Cells Devoid of IL-15 J. Immunol., May 15, 2009; 182(10): 6168 - 6178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A.-H. Pillet, F. Bugault, J. Theze, L. A. Chakrabarti, and T. 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Ogawa Clonal Proliferation and Cytokine Requirement of Murine Progenitors for Natural Killer Cells Blood, June 1, 1997; 89(11): 4005 - 4012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. C. Berardi, E. Meffre, F. Pflumio, A. Katz, W. Vainchenker, C. Schiff, and L. Coulombel Individual CD34+CD38lowCD19-CD10- Progenitor Cells From Human Cord Blood Generate B Lymphocytes and Granulocytes Blood, May 15, 1997; 89(10): 3554 - 3564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Corrections for vol. 184, p. 1845 J. Exp. Med., March 17, 1997; 185(6): 1149 - 1150. [Full Text] [PDF] M. E. Ross and M. A. Caligiuri Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis of Human Natural Killer Cells Identifies a Novel Mechanism to Regulate the Innate Immune Response Blood, February 1, 1997; 89(3): 910 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] R. Zambello, M. Facco, L. Trentin, R. Sancetta, C. Tassinari, A. Perin, A. Milani, G. Pizzolo, F. Rodeghiero, C. Agostini, et al. 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