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A prospective study of transfusion-transmitted GB virus C infection:
similar frequency but different clinical presentation compared with
hepatitis C virus
JT Wang, FC Tsai, CZ Lee, PJ Chen, JC Sheu, TH Wang and DS Chen
Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, Taipei.
To study the incidence and outcome of GB virus C (GBV-C) infection in blood
recipients. Serum samples collected in a prospective study were examined
for GBV-C RNA by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Among the 400
adults who underwent cardiac surgery, 40 were positive for GBV-C RNA,
including six whose pretransfusion sera were already positive and seven
coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during transfusion. The risk of
transmission was estimated to be approximately 0.46% per donor. GBV-C
viremia was detectable 1 week after transfusion and could persist for 8
years. However, no evident symptoms or signs were noted in the 25 patients
infected by GBV-C alone, and the average peak serum alanine
aminotransferase activity was 31 IU/L only (range, 12 to 123), with
persistently normal levels in 20 patients. In the seven patients coinfected
with HCV, the clinical courses of posttransfusion hepatitis were similar to
those infected by HCV alone. In eight patients with posttransfusion non-A
approximately E hepatitis, only one was positive for GBV-C RNA. Sixty
samples were chosen to test hepatitis G virus (HGV) sequences, 26 of the 30
GBV-C positives were positive for HGV RNA in contrast to none of the 30
GBV-C negative samples. In conclusion, GBV-C can be transmitted by
transfusion in approximately 9% of patients who underwent cardiac surgery.
Nevertheless, this virus does not seem to cause classic hepatitis in most
instances.
Volume 88,
Issue 5,
pp. 1881-1886,
09/01/1996
Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology
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