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The PML/RAR alpha oncoprotein is a direct molecular target of retinoic acid
in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
JV Raelson, C Nervi, A Rosenauer, L Benedetti, Y Monczak, M Pearson, PG Pelicci and WH Miller
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer Davis Jewish
General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the translocation,
t(15;17) and the expression of a PML/RAR alpha fusion protein that is
diagnostic of the disease. There is evidence that PML/RAR alpha protein
acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of normal retinoid receptor function
and myeloid differentiation. We now show that the PML/RAR alpha fusion
product is directly downregulated in response to retinoic acid (tRA)
treatment in the human APL cell line, NB4. tRA treatment induces loss of
PML/RAR alpha at the protein level but not at the level of mRNA, as
determined by Northern blots, by Western blots, and by ligand binding
assays and in binding to RA- responsive DNA elements. We present evidence
that this regulation is posttranslational. This evidence suggests that tRA
induces synthesis of a protein that selectively degrades PML/RAR alpha. We
further show that this loss of PML/ RAR-alpha is not limited to the unique
APL cell line. NB4, because PML/RAR alpha protein is selectively
downregulated by tRA when expressed in the transfected myeloid cell line
U937. The loss of PML/RAR alpha may be directly linked to tRA-induced
differentiation, because in a retinoid-resistant subclone of NB4, tRA does
not decrease PML/RAR alpha protein expression. In NB4 cells, the specific
downregulation of the fusion protein decreases the ratio of PML/RAR alpha
to wild-type RAR alpha. Because the ratio of expression of PML/RAR alpha to
wild-type RAR alpha and PML may be important in maintaining the dominant
negative block of myelocytic differentiation, these data suggest a
molecular mechanism for restoration by tRA normal myeloid differentiation
in APL cells.
Volume 88,
Issue 8,
pp. 2826-2832,
10/15/1996
Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology

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