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Minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0): comparison of 25
cases with other French-American-British subtypes
A Venditti, G Del Poeta, F Buccisano, A Tamburini, MC Cox, R Stasi, A Bruno, G Aronica, L Maffei, G Suppo, MD Simone, L Forte, V Cordero, M Postorino, V Tufilli, G Isacchi, M Masi, G Papa and S Amadori
Cattedra di Ematologia-Ospedale S. Eugenio and Cattedra di
Immunoematologia, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
We compared the immunophenotypic and karyotypic features of 25 cases of
minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0) with those of 247
cases comprising all AML French-American-British (FAB) classification.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was detectable with a specific monoclonal antibody in
all cases of AML-M0, whereas CD13 and CD33 were both negative in 4 of the
25 cases. Thus, anti-MPO reliably detects minimal myeloid differentiation
in AML-M0. CD34 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were more
frequently expressed in AML-M0 (96% and 68% of the cases, respectively)
than in the other FAB subsets (P < .001 for both). By contrast, GP-170
and CD7 were less frequently expressed in AML-M0 than in FAB classes such
as M1, M4, and M5 (P = .02 and .003, respectively). A total of 80% of
AML-M0 cases carried lymphoid markers (including TdT), and 48% showed a
coordinate positivity for two or more of them. CD2, CD5, CD10, and CD19
were expressed in a similar fashion among the different FAB groups, whereas
CD4 expression was significantly more frequent in AML-M0, AML-M4, and
AML-M5 (P = .014). AML-M0 was characterized by a more frequent occurrence
of complex karyotypes. In addition, approximately 20% of cases had TdT
positivity, complex karyotypes, and anomalies of chromosome 5 and/or 7, a
pattern not observed in the other FAB subsets. Finally, 80% of anomalies of
chromosome 5 and/or 7 in AML-M0 were comprised within complex karyotypes,
whereas only 13% of the remaining FAB cases carried this feature. In
summary, AML-M0 frequently expresses immunophenotypic and karyotypic
aspects that are likely to identify a "stem cell" pattern.
Volume 89,
Issue 2,
pp. 621-629,
01/15/1997
Copyright © 1997 by The American Society of Hematology
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