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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zutter, M. M. Articles by Painter, A. D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zutter, M. M. Articles by Painter, A. D. Related Collections Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Binding of Phosphorylated Sp1 Protein to Tandem Sp1 Binding Sites Regulates 2 Integrin Gene Core Promoter Activity Mary M. Zutter, Ellen E. Ryan, and Audrey D. Painter From the Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. The 21 integrin, a collagen/laminin receptor, is expressed by a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and hematopoietic cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate expression of the 21 integrin in cells with megakaryocytic differentiation, we characterized the 5' flanking region of the 2 integrin gene and identified three distinct regulatory regions, including a core promoter, a silencer, and megakaryocyte enhancers in the distal 5' flank (Zutter et al, Blood 96:3006, 1995 and Zutter et al, J Biol Chem 269:463, 1994). We now focus on the core promoter of the 2 integrin gene located between bp -30 and -92 that is required for transcriptional activity of the 2 integrin gene. Sequence analysis identified two Sp1 consensus sites and a potential AP2 site. Gel retardation assays showed that nuclear proteins from uninduced K562 cells and K562 cells induced to become megakaryocytic bound specifically to the core promoter region (bp -30 to bp -92) producing two DNA-protein complexes. In addition, nuclear extracts from cells induced along the megakaryocyte lineage produced a selective increase in the slower migrating complex. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 5', the 3', or both Sp1 binding sites suggested that both Sp1 binding sites are required for full promoter activity and for DNA-protein complex formation. DNA footprinting also showed specific protection of the 5' Sp1 site by nuclear extracts from uninduced K562 cells and protection of both the 5' and the 3' Sp1 sites by nuclear extracts from induced K562 cells. Sp1 protein-DNA complex formation was dependent on Sp1 phosphorylation. The faster migrating DNA-protein complex was enhanced by dephosphorylation; the slower migrating DNA-protein complex was diminished or lost. Blood, Vol. 90 No. 2 (July 15), 1997: pp. 678-689 © 1997 by The American Society of Hematology. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: M.-T. Lin, C.-C. Chang, B.-R. Lin, H.-Y. Yang, C.-Y. Chu, M.-H. Wu, and M.-L. Kuo Elevated Expression of Cyr61 Enhances Peritoneal Dissemination of Gastric Cancer Cells through Integrin {alpha}2beta1 J. Biol. Chem., November 23, 2007; 282(47): 34594 - 34604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] K. Zaniolo, M.-E. Gingras, M. Audette, and S. L. Guerin Expression of the Gene Encoding Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Is Modulated by Fibronectin during Corneal Wound Healing. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2006; 47(10): 4199 - 4210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Dai, T. Hirayama, S. Abbas, and Y. Abu-Amer The I{kappa}B Kinase (IKK) Inhibitor, NEMO-binding Domain Peptide, Blocks Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Erosion in Inflammatory Arthritis J. Biol. 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