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In Vitro Senescence and Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Megakaryocytes
Giorgio Zauli,
Marco Vitale,
Elisabetta Falcieri,
Davide Gibellini,
Alessandra Bassini,
Claudio Celeghini,
Marta Columbaro, and
Silvano Capitani
From the Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Human Anatomy Section, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; the Institute of Normal and Pathological Cytomorphology of CNR, c/o Institute of Research "Codivilla Putti," Bologna, Italy; the Institute of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy; and the Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
To investigate the fate of human megakaryocytes, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells were purified from the peripheral blood or bone marrow of healthy donors and seeded in serum-free chemically defined suspension cultures. In the presence of thrombopoietin (TPO; 100 ng/mL), CD34-derived cells showed an eightfold numerical expansion and a progressive maturation along the megakaryocytic lineage. Megakaryocyte maturation was characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of a demarcation membrane system and phenotypically by a high surface expression of  IIb 3 integrin. The number of mature megakaryocytes peaked at days 12 to 15 of culture. On the other hand, the number of platelets released in the culture supernatant by CD34-derived megakaryocytes peaked at days 18 to 21, when a high percentage of megakaryocytes showed the characteristic features of apoptosis, as evaluated by electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated d-UTP-biotin nick end-labeling technique (TUNEL) and uptake of propidium iodide. In other experiments, primary IIb3+ megakaryocytic cells were directly purified from the bone marrow aspirates of normal donors and seeded in serum-free suspension cultures. In the absence of cytokines, IIb3+ megakaryocytes progressively underwent apoptotic cell death. The addition of TPO but not interleukin-3 or erythropoietin showed some protection of IIb3+ cells from apoptosis at early culture times (days 2 to 4), but it did not show any significant effect at later time points. These findings suggest that the terminal phase of the megakaryocyte life span is characterized by the onset of apoptosis, which can be modulated only to a certain extent by TPO.
Blood, Vol. 90 No. 6 (September 15), 1997:
pp. 2234-2243
© 1997 by The American Society of Hematology.
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