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Long-Term Immune Reconstitution and Outcome After HLA-Nonidentical
T-Cell-Depleted Bone Marrow Transplantation for Severe Combined
Immunodeficiency: A European Retrospective Study of 116 Patients
Elie Haddad,
Paul Landais,
Wilhelm Friedrich,
Bert Gerritsen,
M. Cavazzana-Calvo,
Gareth Morgan,
Yves Bertrand,
Anders Fasth,
Fulvio Porta,
Andrew Cant,
Theresa Espanol,
Susannah Müller,
Paul Veys,
Jaak Vossen, and
Alain Fischer
From the Unité d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie
Pédiatriques, Département de Pédiatrie, and the
Département de Statistiques Médicales, Hôpital
Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; the
Universitätskinderklinik und Poliklinik, Ulm, Germany; the
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, The
Netherlands; the Great Ormond Sreet Hospital for Children, NHS Trust,
London, UK; the Département d'Hématologie
Pédiatrique, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France; the
Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/East,
Göteborg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics, Spedali Civili,
Brescia, Italy; the Department of Pediatric Immunology, Newcastle
General Hospital Newcastle, UK; and the Hospital General, Immunologia,
Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
We have performed a retrospective analysis of the development of T-
and B-cell functions after HLA-nonidentical T-cell-depleted bone
marrow transplantation (BMT) performed in 193 patients with severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID) at 18 European centers between
December 1982 and December 31, 1993. One hundred sixteen of 193 patients were alive with evidence of engraftment 6 months after BMT.
Development of T-cell function occurred earlier than B-cell function
and was achieved more frequently up to the time of last follow-up. The
median time to achieve normal T-cell function was 8.7 months, whereas
the median time to achieve normal B-cell function was 14.9 months.
Twenty-four patients died later than 6 months post-BMT, mainly due to
chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and/or viral
infection. Absence of T-cell reconstitution 6 months after BMT, unlike
absence of B-cell reconstitution, was associated with a poor outcome.
Two additional factors were associated with a poor outcome: presence of
cGVHD 6 months after BMT and B SCID versus B+ SCID.
However, two of these three factors remained as significant prognostic
factors in a multivariate analysis: the absence of T-cell function and
the presence of cGVHD 6 months after BMT. Analysis of the factors
influencing the development of immune reconstitution showed that T- and
B-cell functions occurred earlier and more frequently in B+ SCID
versus B SCID patients. Acute GVHD was associated with a slower
development of T-cell function at 6 months, and cGVHD had a negative
influence on the development of T-cell function afterwards, but neither
acute nor chronic GVHD was found to influence the development of B-cell function. Once engraftment occurred, whether patients had or had not
received Busulfan in the conditioning regimen did not influence the
kinetics and quality of T-cell function development. In a multivariate
study, two factors were found to influence the T-cell function 6 months
after BMT: type of SCID and acute GVHD. The results of this
retrospective analysis should lead to new protocols adapted to SCID
disease, considering that disease-related as well as BMT-related
parameters influence the development of immune function and thereby
long-term outcome after HLA-nonidentical T-cell-depleted BMT.
Blood, Vol. 91 No. 10 (May 15), 1998:
pp. 3646-3653
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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