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Simple Collagen-Like Peptides Support Platelet Adhesion Under Static
But Not Under Flow Conditions: Interaction Via 2 1 and von
Willebrand Factor With Specific Sequences in Native Collagen Is a
Requirement to Resist Shear Forces
Marilyn W. Verkleij,
Laurence F. Morton,
C. Graham Knight,
Philip G. de Groot,
Michael J. Barnes, and
Jan J. Sixma
From the Postgradual School of Biomembranes, Department of
Haematology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
the Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK.
The aim of this study was to define the need for specific collagen
sequences and the role of their conformation in platelet adhesion to
collagen under both static and flow conditions. We recently reported
that simple triple-helical collagen-related peptides (CRPs),
GCP*(GPP*)10GCP*G and GKP*(GPP*)10GKP*G
(single-letter amino acid code, P* = hydroxyproline; Morton et al,
Biochem J 306:337, 1995) were potent stimulators of platelet
activation and were able to support the adhesion of gel-filtered
platelets examined under static conditions. The present study
investigated whether these same peptides were able to support platelet
adhesion under more physiologic conditions by examining static adhesion with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adhesion under flow conditions. In
the static adhesion assay, we observed 20% surface coverage with
platelet aggregates. In marked contrast, there was a total lack of
adhesion under flow conditions examined at shear rates of 50 and 300 s 1. Thus, the interaction of platelets with the CRPs is
a low-affinity interaction unable on its own to withstand shear forces.
However, the addition of CRPs to whole blood, in the presence of 200 µmol/L D-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-tryptophan (dRGDW) to prevent
platelet aggregation, caused an inhibition of about 50% of platelet
adhesion to collagens I and III under flow. These results suggest that the collagen triple helix per se, as defined by these simple collagen sequences, plays an important contributory role in the overall process
of adhesion to collagen under flow. The monoclonal antibody (MoAb)
176D7, directed against the 2 subunit of the integrin 2 1, was
found to inhibit static platelet adhesion to monomeric but not
fibrillar collagens I and III. However, under flow conditions, anti- 2 MoAbs (176D7 anf 6F1) inhibited adhesion to both monomeric and fibrillar collagens, indicating that 2 1 is essential for adhesion to collagen under flow, independent of collagen conformation, whether monomeric or polymeric. To obtain further insight into the
nature of the different adhesive properties of CRPs and native collagen, we investigated the relative importance of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and the integrin 2 1 in platelet adhesion to collagen types I and III, using the same shear rate (300 s 1) as
used when testing CRPs under flow conditions. Our results, together
with recent data of others, support a two-step mechanism of platelet
interaction with collagen under flow conditions. The first step
involves adhesion via both the indirect interaction of platelet
glycoprotein (GP) Ib with collagen mediated by vWF binding to specific
vWF-recognition sites in collagen and the direct interaction between
platelet 2 1 and specific 2 1-recognition sites in collagen.
This suffices to hold platelets at the collagen surface. The second
step occurs via another collagen receptor (thought to be GPVI) that
binds to simple collagen sequences, required essentially to delineate
the collagen triple helix. Recognition of the triple helix leads to
strengthening of attachment and platelet activation.
Blood, Vol. 91 No. 10 (May 15), 1998:
pp. 3808-3816
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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