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Reduced Retinoic Acid-Sensitivities of Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Binding to PML- and PLZF-RARalpha Underlie Molecular Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Fabien Guidez, Sarah Ivins, Jun Zhu, Mats Söderström, Samuel Waxman, and Arthur Zelent

From the Leukaemia Research Fund Centre at the Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK; the Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.

Typical acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with expression of the PML-RARalpha fusion protein and responsiveness to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). A rare, but recurrent, APL has been described that does not respond to ATRA treatment and is associated with a variant chromosomal translocation and expression of the PLZF-RARalpha fusion protein. Both PML- and PLZF-RARalpha possess identical RAR sequences and inhibit ATRA-induced gene transcription as well as cell differentiation. We now show that the above-mentioned oncogenic fusion proteins interact with the nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR and, in comparison with the wild-type RARalpha protein, their interactions display reduced sensitivities to ATRA. Although pharmacologic concentration of ATRA could still induce dissociation of N-CoR from PML-RARalpha , it had a very little effect on its association with the PLZF-RARalpha fusion protein. This ATRA-insensitive interaction between N-CoR and PLZF-RARalpha was mediated by the N-terminal PLZF moiety of the chimera. It appears that N-CoR/histone deacetylase corepressor complex interacts directly in an ATRA-insensitive manner with the BTB/POZ-domain of the wild-type PLZF protein and is required, at least in part, for its function as a transcriptional repressor. As the above-noted results predict, histone deacetylase inhibitors antagonize oncogenic activities of the PML-RARalpha fusion protein and partially relieve transcriptional repression by PLZF as well as inhibitory effect of PLZF-RARalpha on ATRA response. Taken together, our results demonstrate involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor/histone deacetylase complex in the molecular pathogenesis of APL and provide an explanation for differential sensitivities of PML- and PLZF-RARalpha -associated leukemias to ATRA.

Blood, Vol. 91 No. 8 (April 15), 1998: pp. 2634-2642
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.


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The Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein Affects Myeloid Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Apoptosis
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 1998; 18(9): 5533 - 5545.
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S. J. Collins
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Relieving Repression Induces Remission
Blood, April 15, 1998; 91(8): 2631 - 2633.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. M. Rego, L.-Z. He, R. P. Warrell Jr., Z.-G. Wang, and P. P. Pandolfi
Retinoic acid (RA) and As2O3 treatment in transgenic models of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) unravel the distinct nature of the leukemogenic process induced by the PML-RARalpha and PLZF-RARalpha oncoproteins
PNAS, August 29, 2000; 97(18): 10173 - 10178.
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