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Characterization of Nonrandom Chromosomal Gains and Losses in
Multiple Myeloma by Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Juan C. Cigudosa,
Pulivarthi H. Rao,
M. Jose Calasanz,
M. Dolores Odero,
Joseph Michaeli,
Suresh C. Jhanwar, and
R.S.K. Chaganti
From the Cell Biology and Genetics Program and the Departments of
Human Genetics and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,
New York, NY; and the Department of Genetics, University of Navarra,
Pamplona, Spain.
Clonal chromosomal changes in multiple myeloma (MM) and related
disorders are not well defined, mainly due to the low in vivo and in
vitro mitotic index of plasma cells. This difficulty can be overcome by
using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), a DNA-based technique
that gives information about chromosomal copy number changes in tumors.
We have performed CGH on 25 cases of MM, 4 cases of monoclonal
gammopathy of uncertain significance, and 1 case of Waldenstrom's
macroglobulinemia. G-banding analysis of the same group of patients
demonstrated clonal chromosomal changes in only 13 (43%), whereas by
CGH, the number of cases with clonal chromosomal gains and losses
increased to 21 (70%). The most common recurrent changes detected by
CGH were gain of chromosome 19 or 19p and complete or partial deletions
of chromosome 13. +19, an anomaly that has so far not been detected
as primary or recurrent change by G-banding analysis of these tumors,
was noted in 2 cases as a unique change. Other recurrent changes
included gains of 9q, 11q, 12q, 15q, 17q, and 22q and losses of 6q and 16q. We have been able to narrow the commonly deleted regions on 6q and
13q to bands 6q21 and 13q14-21. Gain of 11q and deletion of 13q, which
have previously been associated with poor outcome, can thus be detected
by CGH, allowing the use of this technique for prognostic evaluation of
patients, without relying on the success of conventional cytogenetic
analysis.
Blood, Vol. 91 No. 8 (April 15), 1998:
pp. 3007-3010
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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