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Blood, Vol. 92 No. 10 (November 15), 1998:
pp. 3829-3840
Bcr-Abl Efficiently Induces a Myeloproliferative Disease and
Production of Excess Interleukin-3 and Granulocyte-Macrophage
Colony-Stimulating Factor in Mice: A Novel Model for Chronic
Myelogenous Leukemia
Xiaowu Zhang and
Ruibao Ren
From the Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, the
Department of Biochemistry, and the Department of Biology, Brandeis
University, Waltham, MA.
The bcr-abl oncogene plays a critical role in causing
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Effective laboratory animal models of CML are needed to study the molecular mechanisms by which the bcr-abl oncogene acts in the disease progression of CML. We
used a murine stem cell retroviral vector (MSCV) to transduce the
bcr-abl/p210 oncogene into mouse bone marrow cells and found
that expression of Bcr-Abl/p210 induced a myeloproliferative disorder
that resembled the chronic phase of human CML in 100% of bone marrow
transplanted mice in about 3 weeks. This CML-like disease was readily
transplanted to secondary recipient mice. Multiple clones of infected
cells were expanded in the primary recipients, but the leukemia was primarily monoclonal in the secondary recipient mice. Mutation analysis
demonstrated that the protein tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl/p210
was essential for its leukemogenic potential in vivo. Interestingly, we
found that the leukemic cells expressed excess interleukin-3 (IL-3) and
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the
diseased mice. These studies demonstrate that expression of Bcr-Abl can
induce a CML-like leukemia in mice much more efficiently and
reproducibly than in previously reported mouse CML models, probably due
to efficient expression in the correct target cell(s). Our first use of
this model for analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in CML
raises the possibility that excess expression of hematopoietic growth
factors such as IL-3 and GM-CSF may contribute to the clinical
phenotype of CML.

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