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Blood, Vol. 92 No. 9 (November 1), 1998:
pp. 3025-3034
RAPID COMMUNICATION
The t(4;14) Translocation in Myeloma Dysregulates Both FGFR3
and a Novel Gene, MMSET, Resulting in IgH/MMSET Hybrid
Transcripts
Marta Chesi,
Elena Nardini,
Robert S.C. Lim,
Kerrington D. Smith,
W. Michael Kuehl, and
P. Leif Bergsagel
From the Department of Medicine, the Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY;
and the Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Previously we reported that a karyotypically silent
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32.3) translocation is present in about 25% of multiple myeloma (MM) tumors, and causes overexpression of FGFR3, which is 50 to
100 kb telomeric to the 4p16 breakpoints. Frequent FGFR3 kinase
activating mutations in MM with t(4;14) translocations substantiate an
oncogenic role for FGFR3. We now report that the 4p16 breakpoints occur
telomeric to and within the 5 introns of a novel gene,
MMSET (Multiple Myeloma SET
domain). In normal tissues, MMSET has a complex pattern of expression
with a short form (647 amino acids [aa]) containing an HMG box and
hath region, and an alternatively spliced long form (1365 aa)
containing the HMG box and hath region plus 4 PHD fingers and a
SET domain. Although t(4;14) translocation results in IgH/MMSET hybrid
transcripts, overexpression of MMSET also occurs from endogenous
promoters on 4p16. Given the homology to HRX/MLL1/ALL1
at 11q23 that is dysregulated by translocations in acute leukemia, we
hypothesize that dysregulation of MMSET contributes to
neoplastic transformation in MM with t(4;14) translocation. This is the
first example of an IgH translocation that simultaneously dysregulates
two genes with oncogenic potential: FGFR3 on der(14) and
MMSET on der(4).
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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