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Blood, Vol. 93 No. 2 (January 15), 1999:
pp. 519-526
The Activity of the CCAAT-box Binding Factor NF-Y Is Modulated
Through the Regulated Expression of Its A Subunit During Monocyte
to Macrophage Differentiation: Regulation of Tissue-Specific Genes
Through a Ubiquitous Transcription Factor
Giovanna Marziali,
Edvige Perrotti,
Ramona Ilari,
Eliana M. Coccia,
Roberto Mantovani,
Ugo Testa, and
Angela Battistini
From the Departments of Virology, Hematology and Oncology,
Immunology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; and the
Department of Genetics and Biology of Microorganisms, University of
Milano, Milano, Italy.
In this study, we analyzed the regulation of NF-Y expression during
human monocyte to macrophage maturation. NF-Y is a ubiquitous and
evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that binds specifically to the CCAAT motif present in the 5 promoter region of a wide variety
of genes. We show here that in circulating monocytes, NF-Y binding
activity is not detected on the CCAAT motif present in the promoters of
genes such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II,
gp91-phox, mig, and fibronectin, whereas during macrophage
differentiation, a progressive increase in NF-Y binding activity is
observed on these promoters. Analysis of NF-Y subunit expression
indicates that the absence of NF-Y activity in circulating monocytes is
caused by a lack of the A subunit. Furthermore, addition of the
recombinant NF-YA subunit restores NF-Y binding. We show that the lack
of NF-YA protein is due to posttranscriptional regulation and not to a
specific proteolytic activity. In fact, NF-YA mRNA is present at the
same level at all days of monocyte cultivation, whereas the protein is
absent in freshly isolated monocytes but is progressively synthesized
during the maturation process. We thus conclude that the NF-YA subunit
plays a relevant role in activating transcription of genes highly
expressed in mature monocytes. In line with this conclusion, we show
that the cut/CDP protein, a transcriptional repressor that inhibits
gpc91-phox gene expression by preventing NF-Y binding to the CAAT box,
is absent in monocytes.

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