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Blood, Vol. 93 No. 4 (February 15), 1999:
pp. 1338-1345
GCKR Links the Bcr-Abl Oncogene and Ras to the
Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Chong-Shan Shi,
Joseph M. Tuscano,
Owen N. Witte, and
John H. Kehrl
From the B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of
Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD; UC Davis Cancer Center, Department of
Oncology, Sacramento, CA; University of California Los Angeles, Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA.
The Bcr-Abl oncogene, found in Philadelphia
chromosome-positive myelogenous leukemia (CML), activates Ras and
triggers the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK or Jun
NH2-terminal kinase [JNK]) pathway. Interruption of Ras
or SAPK activation dramatically reduces Bcr-Abl-mediated
transformation. Here, we report that Bcr-Abl through a Ras-dependent
pathway signals the serine/threonine protein kinase GCKR (Germinal
Center Kinase Related) leading to SAPK activation. Either an oncogenic
form of Ras or Bcr-Abl enhances GCKR catalytic activity and its
activation of SAPK, whereas inhibition of GCKR impairs Bcr-Abl-induced
SAPK activation. Bcr-Abl mutants that are impaired for GCKR activation
are also unable to activate SAPK. Consistent with GCKR being a
functional target in CML, GCKR is constitutively active in CML cell
lines and found in association with Bcr-Abl. Our results indicate that
GCKR is a downstream target of Bcr-Abl and strongly implicate GCKR as a
mediator of Bcr-Abl in its transformation of cells.

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