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Blood, Vol. 94 No. 2 (July 15), 1999:
pp. 429-433
Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography Using
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose for Posttreatment Evaluation in
Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Has Higher Diagnostic
and Prognostic Value Than Classical Computed Tomography Scan Imaging
G. Jerusalem,
Y. Beguin,
M.F. Fassotte,
F. Najjar,
P. Paulus,
P. Rigo, and
G. Fillet
From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology-Hematology and
Nuclear Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
A residual mass after treatment of lymphoma is a clinical challenge,
because it may represent vital tumor as well as tissue fibrosis.
Metabolic imaging by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
(18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)
offers the advantage of functional tissue characterization that is
largely independent of morphologic criteria. We compared
18F-FDG PET to computed tomography (CT) in the
posttreatment evaluation of 54 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) or
intermediate/high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Residual masses
on CT were observed in 13 of 19 patients with HD and 11 of 35 patients
with NHL. Five of 24 patients with residual masses on CT versus 1 of 30 patients without residual masses presented a positive
18F-FDG PET study. Relapse occurred in all 6 patients
(100%) with a positive 18F-FDG PET, 5 of 19 patients
(26%) with residual masses on CT but negative 18F-FDG PET,
and 3 of 29 patients (10%) with negative CT scan and 18F-FDG PET studies (P .0001). We
observed a higher relapse and death rate in patients with residual
masses at CT compared with patients without residual masses at CT
(progression-free survival at 1 year: 62 ± 10 v
88 ± 7%, P = .0045; overall survival at 1 year: 77 ± 5 v 95 ± 5%, P = .0038). A positive
18F-FDG PET study was even more consistently associated
with poorer survival: compared with patients with a negative
18F-FDG PET study, the 1-year progression-free survival was
0% versus 86% ± 5% (P < .0001) and the 1-year
overall survival was 50% ± 20% versus 92% ± 4% (P < .0001). The detection of vital tumor by 18F-FDG PET after
the end of treatment has a higher predictive value for relapse than
classical CT scan imaging (positive predictive value: 100% v
42%). This could help identify patients requiring intensification
immediately after completion of chemotherapy. However,
18F-FDG PET mainly predicts for early progression but
cannot exclude the presence of minimal residual disease, possibly
leading to a later relapse.

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