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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 10 (May 15), 2000:
pp. 3199-3203
RasGRP links T-cell receptor signaling to Ras
Julius O. Ebinu,
Stacey L. Stang,
Christine Teixeira,
Drell A. Bottorff,
Jonathan Hooton,
Peter M. Blumberg,
Michele Barry,
R. Chris Bleakley,
Hanne L. Ostergaard, and
James C. Stone
From the Departments of Biochemistry and Immunobiology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and the Laboratory of
Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD.
Stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alters a number of
intracellular signaling pathways including one that involves protein tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C- 1 (PLC- 1), diacylglycerol (DAG), and calcium messengers. By a divergent pathway, TCR-stimulated protein tyrosine kinase activity is thought to result independently in
recruitment of the Ras activator Sos to the plasma membrane, leading to
Ras activation. Here we show that RasGRP, a Ras activator that contains
calcium-binding EF hands and a DAG-binding domain, is expressed in T
cells. A PLC- 1 inhibitor diminished activation of Ras following TCR
stimulation. Membranes from TCR-stimulated Jurkat T cells exhibited
increased RasGRP and increased Ras-guanyl nucleotide association
activity that was inhibited by antibodies directed against RasGRP.
Overexpression of RasGRP in T cells enhanced TCR-Ras-Erk signaling and
augmented interleukin-2 secretion in response to calcium ionophore plus
DAG analogues phorbol ester myristate or bryostatin-1. Thus, RasGRP
links TCR and PLC- 1 to Ras-Erk signaling, a pathway amenable to
pharmacologic manipulation.

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A. M. Norment, L. Y. Bogatzki, M. Klinger, E. W. Ojala, M. J. Bevan, and R. J. Kay
Transgenic Expression of RasGRP1 Induces the Maturation of Double-Negative Thymocytes and Enhances the Production of CD8 Single-Positive Thymocytes
J. Immunol.,
February 1, 2003;
170(3):
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[Abstract]
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M. Zhu, E. Janssen, K. Leung, and W. Zhang
Molecular Cloning of a Novel Gene Encoding a Membrane-associated Adaptor Protein (LAX) in Lymphocyte Signaling
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 22, 2002;
277(48):
46151 - 46158.
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G. W. Reuther, Q. T. Lambert, J. F. Rebhun, M. A. Caligiuri, L. A. Quilliam, and C. J. Der
RasGRP4 Is a Novel Ras Activator Isolated from Acute Myeloid Leukemia
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 16, 2002;
277(34):
30508 - 30514.
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X.-P. Zhong, E. A. Hainey, B. A. Olenchock, H. Zhao, M. K. Topham, and G. A. Koretzky
Regulation of T Cell Receptor-induced Activation of the Ras-ERK Pathway by Diacylglycerol Kinase zeta
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 16, 2002;
277(34):
31089 - 31098.
[Abstract]
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T. Santos, S. Carrasco, D. R. Jones, I. Merida, and A. Eguinoa
Dynamics of Diacylglycerol Kinase zeta Translocation in Living T-cells. STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL DOMAIN REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSLOCATION AND ACTIVITY
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 9, 2002;
277(33):
30300 - 30309.
[Abstract]
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S. Pisegna, A. Zingoni, G. Pirozzi, B. Cinque, M. G. Cifone, S. Morrone, M. Piccoli, L. Frati, G. Palmieri, and A. Santoni
Src-Dependent Syk Activation Controls CD69-Mediated Signaling and Function on Human NK Cells
J. Immunol.,
July 1, 2002;
169(1):
68 - 74.
[Abstract]
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C. L. Sommers, C.-S. Park, J. Lee, C. Feng, C. L. Fuller, A. Grinberg, J. A. Hildebrand, E. Lacana, R. K. Menon, E. W. Shores, et al.
A LAT Mutation That Inhibits T Cell Development Yet Induces Lymphoproliferation
Science,
June 14, 2002;
296(5575):
2040 - 2043.
[Abstract]
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M. G. Kazanietz
Novel "Nonkinase" Phorbol Ester Receptors: The C1 Domain Connection
Mol. Pharmacol.,
April 1, 2002;
61(4):
759 - 767.
[Abstract]
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B. Albrecht, C. D. D'Souza, W. Ding, S. Tridandapani, K. M. Coggeshall, and M. D. Lairmore
Activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells by Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Accessory Protein p12I
J. Virol.,
March 7, 2002;
76(7):
3493 - 3501.
[Abstract]
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N. Brose and C. Rosenmund
Move over protein kinase C, you've got company: alternative cellular effectors of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters
J. Cell Sci.,
January 12, 2002;
115(23):
4399 - 4411.
[Abstract]
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A. Takesono, L. D. Finkelstein, and P. L. Schwartzberg
Beyond calcium: new signaling pathways for Tec family kinases
J. Cell Sci.,
January 8, 2002;
115(15):
3039 - 3048.
[Abstract]
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M. M. Morgan, C. M. Labno, G. A. Van Seventer, M. F. Denny, D. B. Straus, and J. K. Burkhardt
Superantigen-Induced T Cell:B Cell Conjugation Is Mediated by LFA-1 and Requires Signaling Through Lck, But Not ZAP-70
J. Immunol.,
November 15, 2001;
167(10):
5708 - 5718.
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X. Shan, R. Balakir, G. Criado, J. S. Wood, M.-C. Seminario, J. Madrenas, and R. L. Wange
ZAP-70-Independent Ca2+ Mobilization and Erk Activation in Jurkat T Cells in Response to T-Cell Antigen Receptor Ligation
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
November 1, 2001;
21(21):
7137 - 7149.
[Abstract]
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Q. Gong, X. Jin, A. M. Akk, N. Foger, M. White, G. Gong, J. B. Wardenburg, and A. C. Chan
Requirement for Tyrosine Residues 315 and 319 within {zeta} Chain-Associated Protein 70 for T Cell Development
J. Exp. Med.,
August 20, 2001;
194(4):
507 - 518.
[Abstract]
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D. Yablonski, T. Kadlecek, and A. Weiss
Identification of a Phospholipase C-{gamma}1 (PLC-{gamma}1) SH3 Domain-Binding Site in SLP-76 Required for T-Cell Receptor-Mediated Activation of PLC-{gamma}1 and NFAT
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
July 1, 2001;
21(13):
4208 - 4218.
[Abstract]
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J.-G. Nemorin, P. Laporte, G. Berube, and P. Duplay
p62dok Negatively Regulates CD2 Signaling in Jurkat Cells
J. Immunol.,
April 1, 2001;
166(7):
4408 - 4415.
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M. K. Topham and S. M. Prescott
Diacylglycerol Kinase {zeta} Regulates Ras Activation by a Novel Mechanism
J. Cell Biol.,
March 19, 2001;
152(6):
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P. S. Lorenzo, J. W. Kung, D. A. Bottorff, S. H. Garfield, J. C. Stone, and P. M. Blumberg
Phorbol Esters Modulate the Ras Exchange Factor RasGRP3
Cancer Res.,
February 1, 2001;
61(3):
943 - 949.
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L. G. Puente, J. C. Stone, and H. L. Ostergaard
Evidence for Protein Kinase C-Dependent and -Independent Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in T Cells: Potential Role of Additional Diacylglycerol Binding Proteins
J. Immunol.,
December 15, 2000;
165(12):
6865 - 6871.
[Abstract]
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J. Lin and A. Weiss
Identification of the Minimal Tyrosine Residues Required for Linker for Activation of T Cell Function
J. Biol. Chem.,
July 27, 2001;
276(31):
29588 - 29595.
[Abstract]
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L. Kumar, V. Pivniouk, M. A. de la Fuente, D. Laouini, and R. S. Geha
Differential role of SLP-76 domains in T cell development and function
PNAS,
January 22, 2002;
99(2):
884 - 889.
[Abstract]
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