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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 11 (June 1), 2000: pp. 3489-3497

Mice lacking flt3 ligand have deficient hematopoiesis affecting hematopoietic progenitor cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells

Hilary J. McKenna, Kim L. Stocking, Robert E. Miller, Kenneth Brasel, Thibaut De Smedt, Eugene Maraskovsky, Charles R. Maliszewski, David H. Lynch, Jeffrey Smith, Bali Pulendran, Eileen R. Roux, Mark Teepe, Stewart D. Lyman, and Jacques J. Peschon

From the Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA.

The ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3), also referred to as fetal liver kinase-2 (flk-2), has an important role in hematopoiesis. The flt3 ligand (flt3L) is a growth factor for hematopoietic progenitors and induces hematopoietic progenitor and stem cell mobilization in vivo. In addition, when mice are treated with flt3L immature B cells, natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) are expanded in vivo. To further elucidate the role of flt3L in hematopoiesis, mice lacking flt3L (flt3L-/-) were generated by targeted gene disruption. Leukocyte cellularity was reduced in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes (LN), and spleen. Thymic cellularity, blood hematocrit, and platelet numbers were not affected. Significantly reduced numbers of myeloid and B-lymphoid progenitors were noted in the BM of flt3L-/- mice. In addition a marked deficiency of NK cells in the spleen was noted. DC numbers were also reduced in the spleen, LN, and thymus. Both myeloid-related (CD11c++ CD8alpha -) and lymphoid-related (CD11c++ CD8alpha +) DC numbers were affected. We conclude that flt3L has an important role in the expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors and in the generation of mature peripheral leukocytes.


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A. Schneeberger, P. Luhrs, R. Kutil, P. Steinlein, H. Schild, W. Schmidt, and G. Stingl
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Based Melanoma Cell Vaccines Immunize Syngeneic and Allogeneic Recipients via Host Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., November 15, 2003; 171(10): 5180 - 5187.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
C. D. Helgason, J. Antonchuk, C. Bodner, and R. K. Humphries
Homeostasis and regeneration of the hematopoietic stem cell pool are altered in SHIP-deficient mice
Blood, November 15, 2003; 102(10): 3541 - 3547.
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BloodHome page
E. Sitnicka, N. Buza-Vidas, S. Larsson, J. M. Nygren, K. Liuba, and S. E. W. Jacobsen
Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells capable of multilineage engrafting NOD/SCID mice express flt3: distinct flt3 and c-kit expression and response patterns on mouse and candidate human hematopoietic stem cells
Blood, August 1, 2003; 102(3): 881 - 886.
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JEMHome page
A. D'Amico and L. Wu
The Early Progenitors of Mouse Dendritic Cells and Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells Are within the Bone Marrow Hemopoietic Precursors Expressing Flt3
J. Exp. Med., July 21, 2003; 198(2): 293 - 303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JEMHome page
H. Karsunky, M. Merad, A. Cozzio, I. L. Weissman, and M. G. Manz
Flt3 Ligand Regulates Dendritic Cell Development from Flt3+ Lymphoid and Myeloid-committed Progenitors to Flt3+ Dendritic Cells In Vivo
J. Exp. Med., July 21, 2003; 198(2): 305 - 313.
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BloodHome page
R. Grundler, C. Thiede, C. Miething, C. Steudel, C. Peschel, and J. Duyster
Sensitivity toward tyrosine kinase inhibitors varies between different activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor
Blood, July 15, 2003; 102(2): 646 - 651.
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BloodHome page
C. P. Kalberer, U. Siegler, and A. Wodnar-Filipowicz
Human NK cell development in NOD/SCID mice receiving grafts of cord blood CD34+ cells
Blood, July 1, 2003; 102(1): 127 - 135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Infect. Immun.Home page
T. E. Toliver-Kinsky, C. Y. Lin, D. N. Herndon, and E. R. Sherwood
Stimulation of Hematopoiesis by the Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Restores Bacterial Induction of Th1 Cytokines in Thermally Injured Mice
Infect. Immun., June 1, 2003; 71(6): 3058 - 3067.
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J. Mol. Diagn.Home page
K. M. Murphy, M. Levis, M. J. Hafez, T. Geiger, L. C. Cooper, B.D. Smith, D. Small, and K. D. Berg
Detection of FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication and D835 Mutations by a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Capillary Electrophoresis Assay
J. Mol. Diagn., May 1, 2003; 5(2): 96 - 102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JEMHome page
M. Prlic, B. R. Blazar, M. A. Farrar, and S. C. Jameson
In Vivo Survival and Homeostatic Proliferation of Natural Killer Cells
J. Exp. Med., April 21, 2003; 197(8): 967 - 976.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
G. Miller, V. G. Pillarisetty, A. B. Shah, S. Lahrs, and R. P. DeMatteo
Murine Flt3 Ligand Expands Distinct Dendritic Cells with Both Tolerogenic and Immunogenic Properties
J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3554 - 3564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
G. Sailaja, S. Husain, B. P. Nayak, and A. M. Jabbar
Long-Term Maintenance of gp120-Specific Immune Responses by Genetic Vaccination with the HIV-1 Envelope Genes Linked to the Gene Encoding Flt-3 Ligand
J. Immunol., March 1, 2003; 170(5): 2496 - 2507.
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BloodHome page
J. Aliberti, O. Schulz, D. J. Pennington, H. Tsujimura, C. R. e Sousa, K. Ozato, and A. Sher
Essential role for ICSBP in the in vivo development of murine CD8alpha + dendritic cells
Blood, January 1, 2003; 101(1): 305 - 310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
P. Brawand, D. R. Fitzpatrick, B. W. Greenfield, K. Brasel, C. R. Maliszewski, and T. De Smedt
Murine Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells Generated from Flt3 Ligand-Supplemented Bone Marrow Cultures Are Immature APCs
J. Immunol., December 15, 2002; 169(12): 6711 - 6719.
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BloodHome page
S. Frohling, R. F. Schlenk, J. Breitruck, A. Benner, S. Kreitmeier, K. Tobis, H. Dohner, and K. Dohner
Prognostic significance of activating FLT3 mutations in younger adults (16 to 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: a study of the AML Study Group Ulm
Blood, December 15, 2002; 100(13): 4372 - 4380.
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BloodHome page
D. G. Gilliland and J. D. Griffin
The roles of FLT3 in hematopoiesis and leukemia
Blood, August 13, 2002; 100(5): 1532 - 1542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
R. J. Steptoe, J. M. Ritchie, and L. C. Harrison
Increased Generation of Dendritic Cells from Myeloid Progenitors in Autoimmune-Prone Nonobese Diabetic Mice
J. Immunol., May 15, 2002; 168(10): 5032 - 5041.
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BloodHome page
M. Levis, J. Allebach, K.-F. Tse, R. Zheng, B. R. Baldwin, B. D. Smith, S. Jones-Bolin, B. Ruggeri, C. Dionne, and D. Small
A FLT3-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cytotoxic to leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
Blood, May 13, 2002; 99(11): 3885 - 3891.
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BloodHome page
M. O'Keeffe, H. Hochrein, D. Vremec, J. Pooley, R. Evans, S. Woulfe, and K. Shortman
Effects of administration of progenipoietin 1, Flt-3 ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and pegylated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on dendritic cell subsets in mice
Blood, March 15, 2002; 99(6): 2122 - 2130.
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BloodHome page
M. Merad, T. Sugie, E. G. Engleman, and L. Fong
In vivo manipulation of dendritic cells to induce therapeutic immunity
Blood, March 1, 2002; 99(5): 1676 - 1682.
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J. Immunol.Home page
O. Shimozato, J. R. Ortaldo, K. L. Komschlies, and H. A. Young
Impaired NK Cell Development in an IFN-{gamma} Transgenic Mouse: Aberrantly Expressed IFN-{gamma} Enhances Hematopoietic Stem Cell Apoptosis and Affects NK Cell Differentiation
J. Immunol., February 15, 2002; 168(4): 1746 - 1752.
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BloodHome page
I.-K. Park, Y. He, F. Lin, O. D. Laerum, Q. Tian, R. Bumgarner, C. A. Klug, K. Li, C. Kuhr, M. J. Doyle, et al.
Differential gene expression profiling of adult murine hematopoietic stem cells
Blood, January 15, 2002; 99(2): 488 - 498.
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BloodHome page
L. M. Kelly, Q. Liu, J. L. Kutok, I. R. Williams, C. L. Boulton, and D. G. Gilliland
FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations associated with human acute myeloid leukemias induce myeloproliferative disease in a murine bone marrow transplant model
Blood, January 1, 2002; 99(1): 310 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
R. C. R. Perlingeiro, M. Kyba, and G. Q. Daley
Clonal analysis of differentiating embryonic stem cells reveals a hematopoietic progenitor with primitive erythroid and adult lymphoid-myeloid potential
Development, November 15, 2001; 128(22): 4597 - 4604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
J. M. Lean, K. Fuller, and T. J. Chambers
FLT3 ligand can substitute for macrophage colony-stimulating factor in support of osteoclast differentiation and function
Blood, November 1, 2001; 98(9): 2707 - 2713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
S. P. Whitman, K. J. Archer, L. Feng, C. Baldus, B. Becknell, B. D. Carlson, A. J. Carroll, K. Mrozek, J. W. Vardiman, S. L. George, et al.
Absence of the Wild-Type Allele Predicts Poor Prognosis in Adult de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Normal Cytogenetics and the Internal Tandem Duplication of FLT3: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 61(19): 7233 - 7239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JEMHome page
F. Colucci, E. Rosmaraki, S. Bregenholt, S. I. Samson, V. Di Bartolo, M. Turner, L. Vanes, V. Tybulewicz, and J. P. Di Santo
Functional Dichotomy in Natural Killer Cell Signaling: Vav1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms
J. Exp. Med., June 18, 2001; 193(12): 1413 - 1424.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
L. Chaperot, N. Bendriss, O. Manches, R. Gressin, M. Maynadie, F. Trimoreau, H. Orfeuvre, B. Corront, J. Feuillard, J.-J. Sotto, et al.
Identification of a leukemic counterpart of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Blood, May 15, 2001; 97(10): 3210 - 3217.
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BloodHome page
S. Gillessen, N. Mach, C. Small, M. Mihm, and G. Dranoff
Overlapping roles for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 in eosinophil homeostasis and contact hypersensitivity
Blood, February 15, 2001; 97(4): 922 - 928.
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BloodHome page
E. Chklovskaia, C. Nissen, L. Landmann, C. Rahner, O. Pfister, and A. Wodnar-Filipowicz
Cell-surface trafficking and release of flt3 ligand from T lymphocytes is induced by common cytokine receptor {gamma}-chain signaling and inhibited by cyclosporin A
Blood, February 15, 2001; 97(4): 1027 - 1034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



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