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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 11 (June 1), 2000:
pp. 3489-3497
Mice lacking flt3 ligand have deficient hematopoiesis affecting
hematopoietic progenitor cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer
cells
Hilary J. McKenna,
Kim L. Stocking,
Robert E. Miller,
Kenneth Brasel,
Thibaut De Smedt,
Eugene Maraskovsky,
Charles R. Maliszewski,
David
H. Lynch,
Jeffrey Smith,
Bali Pulendran,
Eileen R. Roux,
Mark Teepe,
Stewart D. Lyman, and
Jacques J. Peschon
From the Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA.
The ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase fms-like tyrosine kinase
3 (flt3), also referred to as fetal liver kinase-2 (flk-2), has an
important role in hematopoiesis. The flt3 ligand (flt3L) is a growth
factor for hematopoietic progenitors and induces hematopoietic progenitor and stem cell mobilization in vivo. In addition, when mice
are treated with flt3L immature B cells, natural killer (NK) cells and
dendritic cells (DC) are expanded in vivo. To further elucidate the
role of flt3L in hematopoiesis, mice lacking flt3L (flt3L / ) were
generated by targeted gene disruption. Leukocyte cellularity was
reduced in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes (LN), and
spleen. Thymic cellularity, blood hematocrit, and platelet numbers were
not affected. Significantly reduced numbers of myeloid and B-lymphoid
progenitors were noted in the BM of flt3L / mice. In addition a
marked deficiency of NK cells in the spleen was noted. DC numbers were
also reduced in the spleen, LN, and thymus. Both myeloid-related
(CD11c++ CD8 ) and lymphoid-related
(CD11c++ CD8 +) DC numbers were
affected. We conclude that flt3L has an important role in the expansion
of early hematopoietic progenitors and in the generation of mature
peripheral leukocytes.

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[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. Appel, A. M. Boehmler, F. Grunebach, M. R. Muller, A. Rupf, M. M. Weck, U. Hartmann, V. L. Reichardt, L. Kanz, T. H. Brummendorf, et al.
Imatinib mesylate affects the development and function of dendritic cells generated from CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells
Blood,
January 15, 2004;
103(2):
538 - 544.
[Abstract]
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[PDF]
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A. Wodnar-Filipowicz
Flt3 Ligand: Role in Control of Hematopoietic and Immune Functions of the Bone Marrow
Physiology,
December 1, 2003;
18(6):
247 - 251.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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E. Sitnicka, C. Brakebusch, I.-L. Martensson, M. Svensson, W. W. Agace, M. Sigvardsson, N. Buza-Vidas, D. Bryder, C. M.Cilio, H. Ahlenius, et al.
Complementary Signaling through flt3 and Interleukin-7 Receptor {alpha} Is Indispensable for Fetal and Adult B Cell Genesis
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[Abstract]
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T. Kawamura, R. Koka, A. Ma, and V. Kumar
Differential Roles for IL-15R {alpha}-Chain in NK Cell Development and Ly-49 Induction
J. Immunol.,
November 15, 2003;
171(10):
5085 - 5090.
[Abstract]
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A. Schneeberger, P. Luhrs, R. Kutil, P. Steinlein, H. Schild, W. Schmidt, and G. Stingl
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Based Melanoma Cell Vaccines Immunize Syngeneic and Allogeneic Recipients via Host Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol.,
November 15, 2003;
171(10):
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C. D. Helgason, J. Antonchuk, C. Bodner, and R. K. Humphries
Homeostasis and regeneration of the hematopoietic stem cell pool are altered in SHIP-deficient mice
Blood,
November 15, 2003;
102(10):
3541 - 3547.
[Abstract]
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[PDF]
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E. Sitnicka, N. Buza-Vidas, S. Larsson, J. M. Nygren, K. Liuba, and S. E. W. Jacobsen
Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells capable of multilineage engrafting NOD/SCID mice express flt3: distinct flt3 and c-kit expression and response patterns on mouse and candidate human hematopoietic stem cells
Blood,
August 1, 2003;
102(3):
881 - 886.
[Abstract]
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[PDF]
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A. D'Amico and L. Wu
The Early Progenitors of Mouse Dendritic Cells and Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells Are within the Bone Marrow Hemopoietic Precursors Expressing Flt3
J. Exp. Med.,
July 21, 2003;
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H. Karsunky, M. Merad, A. Cozzio, I. L. Weissman, and M. G. Manz
Flt3 Ligand Regulates Dendritic Cell Development from Flt3+ Lymphoid and Myeloid-committed Progenitors to Flt3+ Dendritic Cells In Vivo
J. Exp. Med.,
July 21, 2003;
198(2):
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R. Grundler, C. Thiede, C. Miething, C. Steudel, C. Peschel, and J. Duyster
Sensitivity toward tyrosine kinase inhibitors varies between different activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor
Blood,
July 15, 2003;
102(2):
646 - 651.
[Abstract]
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C. P. Kalberer, U. Siegler, and A. Wodnar-Filipowicz
Human NK cell development in NOD/SCID mice receiving grafts of cord blood CD34+ cells
Blood,
July 1, 2003;
102(1):
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[Abstract]
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[PDF]
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T. E. Toliver-Kinsky, C. Y. Lin, D. N. Herndon, and E. R. Sherwood
Stimulation of Hematopoiesis by the Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Restores Bacterial Induction of Th1 Cytokines in Thermally Injured Mice
Infect. Immun.,
June 1, 2003;
71(6):
3058 - 3067.
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K. M. Murphy, M. Levis, M. J. Hafez, T. Geiger, L. C. Cooper, B.D. Smith, D. Small, and K. D. Berg
Detection of FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication and D835 Mutations by a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Capillary Electrophoresis Assay
J. Mol. Diagn.,
May 1, 2003;
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M. Prlic, B. R. Blazar, M. A. Farrar, and S. C. Jameson
In Vivo Survival and Homeostatic Proliferation of Natural Killer Cells
J. Exp. Med.,
April 21, 2003;
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G. Miller, V. G. Pillarisetty, A. B. Shah, S. Lahrs, and R. P. DeMatteo
Murine Flt3 Ligand Expands Distinct Dendritic Cells with Both Tolerogenic and Immunogenic Properties
J. Immunol.,
April 1, 2003;
170(7):
3554 - 3564.
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G. Sailaja, S. Husain, B. P. Nayak, and A. M. Jabbar
Long-Term Maintenance of gp120-Specific Immune Responses by Genetic Vaccination with the HIV-1 Envelope Genes Linked to the Gene Encoding Flt-3 Ligand
J. Immunol.,
March 1, 2003;
170(5):
2496 - 2507.
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J. Aliberti, O. Schulz, D. J. Pennington, H. Tsujimura, C. R. e Sousa, K. Ozato, and A. Sher
Essential role for ICSBP in the in vivo development of murine CD8alpha + dendritic cells
Blood,
January 1, 2003;
101(1):
305 - 310.
[Abstract]
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P. Brawand, D. R. Fitzpatrick, B. W. Greenfield, K. Brasel, C. R. Maliszewski, and T. De Smedt
Murine Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells Generated from Flt3 Ligand-Supplemented Bone Marrow Cultures Are Immature APCs
J. Immunol.,
December 15, 2002;
169(12):
6711 - 6719.
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S. Frohling, R. F. Schlenk, J. Breitruck, A. Benner, S. Kreitmeier, K. Tobis, H. Dohner, and K. Dohner
Prognostic significance of activating FLT3 mutations in younger adults (16 to 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: a study of the AML Study Group Ulm
Blood,
December 15, 2002;
100(13):
4372 - 4380.
[Abstract]
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D. G. Gilliland and J. D. Griffin
The roles of FLT3 in hematopoiesis and leukemia
Blood,
August 13, 2002;
100(5):
1532 - 1542.
[Abstract]
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R. J. Steptoe, J. M. Ritchie, and L. C. Harrison
Increased Generation of Dendritic Cells from Myeloid Progenitors in Autoimmune-Prone Nonobese Diabetic Mice
J. Immunol.,
May 15, 2002;
168(10):
5032 - 5041.
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M. Levis, J. Allebach, K.-F. Tse, R. Zheng, B. R. Baldwin, B. D. Smith, S. Jones-Bolin, B. Ruggeri, C. Dionne, and D. Small
A FLT3-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cytotoxic to leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
Blood,
May 13, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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M. O'Keeffe, H. Hochrein, D. Vremec, J. Pooley, R. Evans, S. Woulfe, and K. Shortman
Effects of administration of progenipoietin 1, Flt-3 ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and pegylated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on dendritic cell subsets in mice
Blood,
March 15, 2002;
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M. Merad, T. Sugie, E. G. Engleman, and L. Fong
In vivo manipulation of dendritic cells to induce therapeutic immunity
Blood,
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O. Shimozato, J. R. Ortaldo, K. L. Komschlies, and H. A. Young
Impaired NK Cell Development in an IFN-{gamma} Transgenic Mouse: Aberrantly Expressed IFN-{gamma} Enhances Hematopoietic Stem Cell Apoptosis and Affects NK Cell Differentiation
J. Immunol.,
February 15, 2002;
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I.-K. Park, Y. He, F. Lin, O. D. Laerum, Q. Tian, R. Bumgarner, C. A. Klug, K. Li, C. Kuhr, M. J. Doyle, et al.
Differential gene expression profiling of adult murine hematopoietic stem cells
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L. M. Kelly, Q. Liu, J. L. Kutok, I. R. Williams, C. L. Boulton, and D. G. Gilliland
FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations associated with human acute myeloid leukemias induce myeloproliferative disease in a murine bone marrow transplant model
Blood,
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R. C. R. Perlingeiro, M. Kyba, and G. Q. Daley
Clonal analysis of differentiating embryonic stem cells reveals a hematopoietic progenitor with primitive erythroid and adult lymphoid-myeloid potential
Development,
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[Abstract]
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J. M. Lean, K. Fuller, and T. J. Chambers
FLT3 ligand can substitute for macrophage colony-stimulating factor in support of osteoclast differentiation and function
Blood,
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S. P. Whitman, K. J. Archer, L. Feng, C. Baldus, B. Becknell, B. D. Carlson, A. J. Carroll, K. Mrozek, J. W. Vardiman, S. L. George, et al.
Absence of the Wild-Type Allele Predicts Poor Prognosis in Adult de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Normal Cytogenetics and the Internal Tandem Duplication of FLT3: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
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F. Colucci, E. Rosmaraki, S. Bregenholt, S. I. Samson, V. Di Bartolo, M. Turner, L. Vanes, V. Tybulewicz, and J. P. Di Santo
Functional Dichotomy in Natural Killer Cell Signaling: Vav1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms
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L. Chaperot, N. Bendriss, O. Manches, R. Gressin, M. Maynadie, F. Trimoreau, H. Orfeuvre, B. Corront, J. Feuillard, J.-J. Sotto, et al.
Identification of a leukemic counterpart of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells
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S. Gillessen, N. Mach, C. Small, M. Mihm, and G. Dranoff
Overlapping roles for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 in eosinophil homeostasis and contact hypersensitivity
Blood,
February 15, 2001;
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[Abstract]
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E. Chklovskaia, C. Nissen, L. Landmann, C. Rahner, O. Pfister, and A. Wodnar-Filipowicz
Cell-surface trafficking and release of flt3 ligand from T lymphocytes is induced by common cytokine receptor {gamma}-chain signaling and inhibited by cyclosporin A
Blood,
February 15, 2001;
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[Abstract]
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