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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 2 (January 15), 2000:
pp. 470-477
All-trans retinoic acid enhances the long-term repopulating
activity of cultured hematopoietic stem cells
Louise E. Purton,
Irwin D. Bernstein, and
Steven J. Collins
From the Clinical Research and Human Biology Divisions, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and The Department of Pediatrics,
The University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, all-trans retinoic acid
(ATRA), is a potent inducer of terminal differentiation of malignant
promyelocytes, but its effects on more primitive hematopoietic
progenitors and stem cells are less clear. We previously reported that
pharmacologic levels (1 µmol) of ATRA enhanced the generation of
colony-forming cell (CFC) and colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) in
liquid suspension cultures of lin c-kit+ Sca-1+ murine hematopoietic precursors. In this study, we further investigated the
effects of ATRA as well as an RAR antagonist, AGN 193109, on the
generation of transplantable cells, including pre-CFU-S, short-term
repopulating stem cells (STRCs), and long-term repopulating stem cells
(LTRCs). ATRA enhanced the ex vivo maintenance and production of
competitive repopulating STRCs and LTRCs from lin c-kit+ Sca-1+ cells cultured in liquid suspension for 14 days. In addition, ATRA prevented the differentiation of these
primitive stem cells into more mature pre-CFU-S during the 14 days of
culture. In marked contrast, lin c-kit+ Sca-1+ cells
cultured with AGN 193109 for 7 days had virtually no short- or
long-term repopulating ability, but displayed an approximately 6-fold
increase in the pre-CFU-S population. The data suggest that the RAR
agonist ATRA enhances the maintenance and self-renewal of short- and
long-term repopulating stem cells. In contrast, the RAR antagonist AGN
193109 abrogates reconstituting ability, most likely by promoting the differentiation of the primitive stem cells. These results imply an
important and unexpected role of retinoids in regulating hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.

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