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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 4 (February 15), 2000:
pp. 1158-1166
The CXC-chemokine platelet factor 4 promotes monocyte survival
and induces monocyte differentiation into macrophages
Barbara Scheuerer,
Martin Ernst,
Iris Dürrbaum-Landmann,
Jens Fleischer,
Evelin Grage-Griebenow,
Ernst Brandt,
Hans-Dieter Flad, and
Frank Petersen
From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center
Borstel, D23845 Borstel, Germany.
Unstimulated monocytes rapidly undergo physiological changes
resulting in programmed cell death (apoptosis) while stimuli promoting
differentiation of these cells into macrophages were shown to inhibit
apoptotic processes. In the present study, we report that the
platelet-derived -chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) induces the
differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, as is evident from
morphological changes as well as from the up-regulation of
differentiation markers (carboxypeptidase M/MAX1 and CD71). Significant
alterations of the phenotype were observed after 72 hours of culture in
the presence of the chemokine and required a minimal concentration of
625 nmol/L PF4. PF4-induced macrophages were characterized
by a lack of HLA-DR antigen on their surface but showed a strong
increase in the expression of the CD28 ligand B7-2. Furthermore, PF4
stimulation prevented monocytes from undergoing spontaneous apoptosis
during 72 hours of culture as determined in an annexin-V-binding
assay. Although PF4 induced the secretion of relevant amounts of
TNF- , neutralizing antibodies directed against TNF- or
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) did not
revert PF4-induced rescue from programmed cell death, suggesting that
PF4 exerts its antiapoptotic effects in a TNF- - or
GM-CSF-independent fashion. On the basis of these results, we propose
a novel role for PF4 in the control of monocyte differentiation during
an inflammatory process in vivo.

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