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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Arpinati, M. Articles by Anasetti, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Arpinati, M. Articles by Anasetti, C. Related Collections Focus on Hematology Related Letter in Blood Online Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, Vol. 95 No. 8 (April 15), 2000: pp. 2484-2490 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mobilizes T helper 2-inducing dendritic cells Mario Arpinati, Cherie L. Green, Shelly Heimfeld, Jill E. Heuser, and Claudio Anasetti From the Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Hematologics, Inc, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) obtained from granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized donors are increasingly used for allogeneic transplantation. Despite a 10-fold higher dose of transplanted T cells, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) does not develop in higher proportion in recipients of PBSC than in recipients of marrow. T cells from G-CSF-treated experimental animals preferentially produce IL-4 and IL-10, cytokines characteristic of Th2 responses, which are associated with diminished GVHD-inducing ability. We hypothesized that G-CSF-mobilized PBSC contain antigen-presenting cells, which prime T-lymphocytes to produce Th2 cytokines. Two distinct lineages of dendritic cells (DC) have been described in humans, DC1 and DC2, according to their ability to induce naive T-cell differentiation to Th1 and Th2 effector cells, respectively. We have used multicolor microfluorometry to enumerate DC1 and DC2 in the peripheral blood of normal donors. G-CSF treatment with 10 to 16 µg/kg per day for 5 days increased peripheral blood DC2 counts from a median of 4.9 × 106/L to 24.8 × 106/L (P = .0009), whereas DC1 counts did not change. Purified DC1, from either untreated or G-CSF treated donors, induced the proliferation of allogeneic naive T cells, but fresh DC2 were poor stimulators. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)-activated DC1 induced allogeneic naive T cells to produce IFN-, which is typical of Th1 responses, whereas TNF--activated DC2 induced allogeneic naive T cells to produce IL-4 and IL-10, which are typical of Th2 responses. PBSC transplants contained higher doses of DC2 than marrow transplants (median, 2.4 × 106/kg versus 0.5 × 106/kg) (P = .006), whereas the dose of DC1 was comparable. Thus, it is conceivable that transplantation of G-CSF-stimulated PBSC does not result in overwhelming acute GVHD because the graft contains predominantly Th2-inducing DC. Adoptive transfer of purified DC2 may be exploited to induce immune deviation after transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells or organ allografts. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? Related Letter in Blood Online: Modulation of Th1/Th2 subsets by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor Muttuswamy Sivakumaran, Zilton F. M. Vasconcelos, Hilda R. Diamond, Daniel G. Tabak, Marcello A. Barcinski, Adriana Bonomo, Elaine Sloand, Sonnie Kim, Jaroslaw Maciejewski, and Neal Young Blood 2001 97: 333-335. [Full Text] [PDF] This article has been cited by other articles: B. B. Ganesh, D. M. Cheatem, J. R. Sheng, C. 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