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Blood, 15 December 2000, Vol. 96, No. 13, pp. 4103-4110
GENE THERAPY
The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 central DNA flap is a
crucial determinant for lentiviral vector nuclear import and gene
transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells
Aude Sirven,
Françoise Pflumio,
Véronique Zennou,
Monique Titeux,
William Vainchenker,
Laure Coulombel,
Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt, and
Pierre Charneau
From the Institut National de la Santé
et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U362, Institut Gustave
Roussy, Villejuif, France, and the Unité d'Oncologie Virale,
Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Gene transfer in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has great
potential for both gene therapy and the understanding of hematopoiesis.
As HSCs have extensive proliferative capacities, stable gene transfer
should include genomic integration of the transgene. Lentiviral vectors
are now preferred to oncoretroviral vectors especially because they
integrate in nondividing cells such as HSCs, thereby avoiding the use
of prolonged cytokine stimulation. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1
(HIV-1) has evolved a complex reverse transcription strategy including
a central strand displacement event controlled in cis by the central
polypurine tract (cPPT) and the central termination sequence (CTS).
This creates, at the center of HIV-1 linear DNA molecules, a
99-nucleotide-long plus-strand overlap, the DNA flap, which
acts as a cis-determinant of HIV-1 genome nuclear import. The
reinsertion of the DNA flap sequence in an HIV-derived lentiviral
vector promotes a striking increase of gene transduction efficiency in
human CD34+ hematopoietic cells, and the complementation of
the nuclear import defect present in the parental vector accounts for
this result. In a short ex vivo protocol, the flap-containing vector
allows efficient transduction of the whole hierarchy of human HSCs
including both slow-dividing or nondividing HSCs that have multiple
lymphoid and myeloid potentials and primitive cells with long-term
engraftment ability in nonobese diabetic/severe combined
immunodeficiency mice (NOD/SCID).

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