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Blood, Vol. 96 No. 2 (July 15), 2000:
pp. 506-513
VLA-4 ( 4 1) engagement defines a
novel activation pathway for 2 integrin-dependent
leukocyte adhesion involving the urokinase receptor
Andreas E. May,
Franz-Josef Neumann,
Albert Schömig, and
Klaus T. Preissner
From the Deutsches Herzzentrum und 1. Medizinische Klinik des
Klinikums Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, D-80636
München, Germany; and Institut für Biochemie, Fachbereich
Humanmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen,
Germany.
During acute inflammatory processes,  2 and
1 integrins sequentially mediate leukocyte recruitment
into extravascular tissues. We studied the influence of VLA-4 (very
late antigen-4) ( 41) engagement on 2 integrin activation-dependent
cell-to-cell adhesion. Ligation of VLA-4 by the soluble chimera fusion
product vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-Fc or by 2 anti-CD29 (1 chain) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) rapidly
induced adhesion of myelomonocytic cells (HL60, U937) to human
umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell adhesion was mediated
via 2 integrin (LFA-1 and Mac-1) activation: induced
adhesion to HUVECs was inhibited by blocking mAbs anti-CD18 (70%-90%), anti-CD11a (50%-60%), or anti-CD11b (60%-70%).
Adhesion to immobilized ligands of 2 integrins
(intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], fibrinogen, keyhole
limpet hemocyanin) as well as to ICAM-1-transfected Chinese hamster
ovary cells, but not to ligands of 1 integrins (VCAM-1,
fibronectin, laminin, and collagen), was augmented. VCAM-1-Fc binding
provoked the expression of the activation-dependent epitope CBRM1/5 of
Mac-1 on leukocytes. Clustering of VLA-4 through dimeric VCAM-1-Fc was
required for 2 integrin activation and induction of cell
adhesion, whereas monovalent VCAM-1 or Fab fragments of
anti-1 integrin mAb were ineffective. Activation of
2 integrins by 41 integrin
ligation (VCAM-1-Fc or anti-1 mAb) required the
presence of urokinase receptor (uPAR) on leukocytic cells, because the
removal of uPAR from the cell surface by phosphatidylinositol-specific
phospholipase C reduced cell adhesion to less than 40%. Adhesion was
reconstituted when soluble recombinant uPAR was allowed to reassociate
with the cells. Finally, VLA-4 engagement by VCAM-1-Fc or
anti-1 integrin mAb induced uPAR-dependent adhesion to
immobilized vitronectin as well. These results elucidate a novel
activation pathway of 2 integrin-dependent cell-to-cell
adhesion that requires 41 integrin
ligation for initiation and uPAR as activation transducer.
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