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Blood, 1 September 2000, Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 1953-1960
NEOPLASIA
Cell-cell contact between marrow stromal cells and myeloma cells
via VCAM-1 and 4 1-integrin enhances
production of osteoclast-stimulating activity
Toshimi Michigami,
Nobuaki Shimizu,
Paul J. Williams,
Maria Niewolna,
Sarah L. Dallas,
Gregory R. Mundy, and
Toshiyuki Yoneda
From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at
San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Biochemistry, Osaka
University Faculty of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Myeloma is a unique hematologic malignancy that exclusively homes
in the bone marrow and induces massive osteoclastic bone destruction
presumably by producing cytokines that promote the differentiation of
the hematopoietic progenitors to osteoclasts (osteoclastogenesis). It
is recognized that neighboring bone marrow stromal cells influence the
expression of the malignant phenotype in myeloma cells. This study
examined the role of the interactions between myeloma cells and
neighboring stromal cells in the production of osteoclastogenic factors
to elucidate the mechanism underlying extensive osteoclastic bone
destruction. A murine myeloma cell line 5TGM1, which causes severe
osteolysis, expresses 4 1-integrin and
tightly adheres to the mouse marrow stromal cell line ST2, which
expresses the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a ligand for
4 1-integrin. Co-cultures of 5TGM1 with
primary bone marrow cells generated tartrate-resistant acid
phosphatase-positive multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts.
Co-cultures of 5TGM1 with ST2 showed increased production of
bone-resorbing activity and neutralizing antibodies against VCAM-1 or
4 1-integrin inhibited this. The 5TGM1
cells contacting recombinant VCAM-1 produced increased osteoclastogenic
and bone-resorbing activity. The activity was not blocked by the
neutralizing antibody to known osteoclastogenic cytokines including
interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, or parathyroid
hormone-related peptide. These data suggest that myeloma cells are
responsible for producing osteoclastogenic activity and that
establishment of direct contact with marrow stromal cells via
4 1-integrin/VCAM-1 increases the
production of this activity by myeloma cells. They also suggest that
the presence of stromal cells may provide a microenvironment that
allows exclusive colonization of myeloma cells in the bone marrow.

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