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Blood, 15 September 2000, Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 2191-2198
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Human recombinant histamine-releasing factor activates human
eosinophils and the eosinophilic cell line,
AML14-3D10
Roy Bheekha-Escura,
Donald
W. MacGlashan Jr,
Jacqueline M. Langdon, and
Susan M. MacDonald
From The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center,
Baltimore, MD.
The human recombinant histamine-releasing factor (HrHRF) was
previously shown to induce histamine release from human basophils from
a subset of donors. The ability of HrHRF to directly induce histamine
release from only certain basophils was thought to involve interaction
between HrHRF and a particular kind of IgE, termed IgE+, on
the surface of these cells. Recent studies disproved the hypothesis
that the IgE molecule or its high-affinity receptor, Fc RI, is
involved in secretion of histamine and cytokines by basophils
stimulated with HrHRF. Rather, data suggest that HrHRF is a cytokine
that stimulates basophils by binding to a cell-surface structure other
than the IgE molecule. This report describes the effects of HrHRF on
another inflammatory cell type: eosinophils from mildly allergic
donors. In purified eosinophils primed with granulocyte-macrophage
colony-stimulating factor, both tumor necrosis factor (TNF- ) and
HrHRF induced increased secretion of interleukin (IL) 8. In addition,
both HrHRF and IL-5 enhanced secretion of IL-8 stimulated by TNF- .
Secretion of IL-8 reached a plateau level in less than 24 hours, was
inhibited by cycloheximide, and required the presence of HrHRF
throughout the culture period. In some eosinophil preparations, HrHRF
induced calcium mobilization that was inhibited by pertussis toxin.
Additionally, HrHRF caused secretion of IL-8 from the human
eosinophilic cell line, AML14-3D10, which does not possess the chain of Fc RI. These data provide evidence that HrHRF contributes to
activation of eosinophils and thus suggest an additional role for HrHRF
in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of allergic disease.

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