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Blood, 1 February 2001, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 631-637

CLINICAL OBSERVATONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS

Melphalan and purine analog-containing preparative regimens: reduced-intensity conditioning for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation

Sergio Giralt, Peter F. Thall, Issa Khouri, Xuemei Wang, Ira Braunschweig, Cindy Ippolitti, David Claxton, Michele Donato, Jill Bruton, Agueda Cohen, Marilyn Davis, Borje S. Andersson, Paolo Anderlini, James Gajewski, Steven Kornblau, Michael Andreeff, Donna Przepiorka, Naoto T. Ueno, Jeff Molldrem, and Richard Champlin

From the Department of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Biomathematics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

A reduced-intensity preparative regimen consisting of melphalan and a purine analog was evaluated for allogeneic transplantation in 86 patients who had a variety of hematologic malignancies and were considered poor candidates for conventional myeloablative therapies because of age or comorbidity. Seventy-eight patients received fludarabine 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days in combination with melphalan 180 mg/m2 (n = 66) or 140 mg/m2 (n = 12). Eight patients received cladribine 12 mg/m2 continuous infusion for 5 days with melphalan 180 mg/m2. The median age was 52 years (range, 22-70 years). Disease status at transplantation was either first remission or first chronic phase in 7 patients, untreated first relapse or subsequent remission in 16 patients, and refractory leukemia or transformed chronic myelogenous leukemia in 63 patients. Nonrelapse mortality rates on day 100 were 37.4% for the fludarabine/melphalan combination and 87.5% for the cladribine/melphalan combination. The median percentage of donor cells at 1 month in 75 patients was 100% (range, 0%-100%). The probability of grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.38-0.60) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.18-0.41), respectively. Disease-free survival at 1 year was 57% for patients in first remission or chronic phase and 49% for patients with untreated first relapse or in a second or later remission. On multivariate analysis the strongest predictor for disease-free survival was a good or intermediate risk category. In summary, fludarabine/melphalan combinations are feasible in older patients with associated comorbidities, and long-term disease control can be achieved with reduced-intensity conditioning in this population.

© 2001 by The American Society of Hematology.
 

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Role of Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation After Failure of Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Lymphoproliferative Malignancies
J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2002; 20(19): 4022 - 4031.
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R. Martino, M. D. Caballero, J. A. Perez Simon, C. Canals, C. Solano, A. Urbano-Ispizua, J. Bargay, A. Leon, J. Sarra, G. F. Sanz, et al.
Evidence for a graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes
Blood, August 28, 2002; 100(6): 2243 - 2245.
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M. Hunault-Berger, N. Ifrah, and P. Solal-Celigny
Intensive therapies in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Blood, July 30, 2002; 100(4): 1141 - 1152.
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M. E. H. M. Van Hoef ; and S. Mackinnon
Nonmyeloablative transplantation challenged by experimentation
Blood, July 30, 2002; 100(4): 1508 - 1509.
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S. Chakrabarti, S. Mackinnon, R. Chopra, P. D. Kottaridis, K. Peggs, P. O'Gorman, R. Chakraverty, T. Marshall, H. Osman, P. Mahendra, et al.
High incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation: potential role of Campath-1H in delaying immune reconstitution
Blood, May 29, 2002; 99(12): 4357 - 4363.
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F. R. Appelbaum and B. Sandmaier
Sensitivity of Renal Cell Cancer to Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantations: Unusual or Unusually Important?
J. Clin. Oncol., April 15, 2002; 20(8): 1965 - 1967.
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T. Saito, Y. Kanda, M. Kami, K. Kato, N. Shoji, S. Kanai, T. Ohnishi, Y. Kawano, K. Nakai, T. Ogasawara, et al.
Therapeutic Potential of a Reduced-Intensity Preparative Regimen for Allogeneic Transplantation with Cladribine, Busulfan, and Antithymocyte Globulin against Advanced/Refractory Acute Leukemia/Lymphoma
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2002; 8(4): 1014 - 1020.
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S. M. Devine, R. Hoffman, A. Verma, R. Shah, B. A. Bradlow, W. Stock, V. Maynard, E. Jessop, D. Peace, M. Huml, et al.
Allogeneic blood cell transplantation following reduced-intensity conditioning is effective therapy for older patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Blood, March 15, 2002; 99(6): 2255 - 2258.
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R. Chakraverty, K. Peggs, R. Chopra, D. W. Milligan, P. D. Kottaridis, S. Verfuerth, J. Geary, D. Thuraisundaram, K. Branson, S. Chakrabarti, et al.
Limiting transplantation-related mortality following unrelated donor stem cell transplantation by using a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen
Blood, February 1, 2002; 99(3): 1071 - 1078.
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B. J. Druker, S. G. O'Brien, J. Cortes, and J. Radich
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Hematology, January 1, 2002; 2002(1): 111 - 135.
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D. Hoelzer, N. Gokbuget, O. Ottmann, C.-H. Pui, M. V. Relling, F. R. Appelbaum, J. J.M. van Dongen, and T. Szczepanski
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hematology, January 1, 2002; 2002(1): 162 - 192.
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D. G. Maloney, B. M. Sandmaier, S. Mackinnon, and J. A. Shizuru
Non-Myeloablative Transplantation
Hematology, January 1, 2002; 2002(1): 392 - 421.
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P. Corradini, C. Tarella, A. Olivieri, A. M. Gianni, C. Voena, F. Zallio, M. Ladetto, M. Falda, M. Lucesole, A. Dodero, et al.
Reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allografting of hematopoietic cells can produce clinical and molecular remissions in patients with poor-risk hematologic malignancies
Blood, January 1, 2002; 99(1): 75 - 82.
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G. Socie, R. A. Clift, D. Blaise, A. Devergie, O. Ringden, P. J. Martin, M. Remberger, H. J. Deeg, T. Ruutu, M. Michallet, et al.
Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide compared with total-body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide before marrow transplantation for myeloid leukemia: long-term follow-up of 4 randomized studies
Blood, December 15, 2001; 98(13): 3569 - 3574.
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R. F. Storb, R. Champlin, S. R. Riddell, M. Murata, S. Bryant, and E. H. Warren
Non-Myeloablative Transplants for Malignant Disease
Hematology, January 1, 2001; 2001(1): 375 - 391.
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