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Blood, 1 February 2001, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 631-637
CLINICAL OBSERVATONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS
Melphalan and purine analog-containing preparative regimens:
reduced-intensity conditioning for patients with hematologic
malignancies undergoing allogeneic progenitor cell
transplantation
Sergio Giralt,
Peter F. Thall,
Issa Khouri,
Xuemei Wang,
Ira Braunschweig,
Cindy Ippolitti,
David Claxton,
Michele Donato,
Jill Bruton,
Agueda Cohen,
Marilyn Davis,
Borje S. Andersson,
Paolo Anderlini,
James Gajewski,
Steven Kornblau,
Michael Andreeff,
Donna Przepiorka,
Naoto T. Ueno,
Jeff Molldrem, and
Richard Champlin
From the Department of Blood and Bone Marrow
Transplantation and Biomathematics, University of Texas MD Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
A reduced-intensity preparative regimen consisting of
melphalan and a purine analog was evaluated for allogeneic
transplantation in 86 patients who had a variety of hematologic
malignancies and were considered poor candidates for conventional
myeloablative therapies because of age or comorbidity. Seventy-eight
patients received fludarabine 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days in
combination with melphalan 180 mg/m2 (n = 66) or 140 mg/m2 (n = 12). Eight patients received
cladribine 12 mg/m2 continuous infusion for 5 days with
melphalan 180 mg/m2. The median age was 52 years (range,
22-70 years). Disease status at transplantation was either first
remission or first chronic phase in 7 patients, untreated first relapse
or subsequent remission in 16 patients, and refractory leukemia or
transformed chronic myelogenous leukemia in 63 patients. Nonrelapse
mortality rates on day 100 were 37.4% for the fludarabine/melphalan
combination and 87.5% for the cladribine/melphalan combination. The
median percentage of donor cells at 1 month in 75 patients was 100%
(range, 0%-100%). The probability of grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute
graft-versus-host disease was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.38-0.60) and 0.29 (95%
CI, 0.18-0.41), respectively. Disease-free survival at 1 year was 57%
for patients in first remission or chronic phase and 49% for patients
with untreated first relapse or in a second or later remission. On multivariate analysis the strongest predictor for disease-free survival
was a good or intermediate risk category. In summary, fludarabine/melphalan combinations are feasible in older patients with
associated comorbidities, and long-term disease control can be achieved
with reduced-intensity conditioning in this population.

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S. P. Robinson, A. H. Goldstone, S. Mackinnon, A. Carella, N. Russell, C. R. de Elvira, G. Taghipour, and N. Schmitz
Chemoresistant or aggressive lymphoma predicts for a poor outcome following reduced-intensity allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation: an analysis from the Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation
Blood,
December 15, 2002;
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4310 - 4316.
[Abstract]
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N. Kroger, H. G. Sayer, R. Schwerdtfeger, M. Kiehl, A. Nagler, H. Renges, T. Zabelina, B. Fehse, F. Ayuk, G. Wittkowsky, et al.
Unrelated stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma after a reduced-intensity conditioning with pretransplantation antithymocyte globulin is highly effective with low transplantation-related mortality
Blood,
December 1, 2002;
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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. I. Marks, R. Lush, J. Cavenagh, D. W. Milligan, S. Schey, A. Parker, F. J. Clark, L. Hunt, J. Yin, S. Fuller, et al.
The toxicity and efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusions given after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Blood,
October 16, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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J. A. Perez-Simon, P. D. Kottaridis, R. Martino, C. Craddock, D. Caballero, R. Chopra, J. Garcia-Conde, D. W. Milligan, S. Schey, A. Urbano-Ispizua, et al.
Nonmyeloablative transplantation with or without alemtuzumab: comparison between 2 prospective studies in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders
Blood,
October 16, 2002;
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3121 - 3127.
[Abstract]
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K. Branson, R. Chopra, P. D. Kottaridis, G. McQuaker, A. Parker, S. Schey, R. K. Chakraverty, C. Craddock, D. W. Milligan, R. Pettengell, et al.
Role of Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation After Failure of Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Lymphoproliferative Malignancies
J. Clin. Oncol.,
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[Abstract]
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R. Martino, M. D. Caballero, J. A. Perez Simon, C. Canals, C. Solano, A. Urbano-Ispizua, J. Bargay, A. Leon, J. Sarra, G. F. Sanz, et al.
Evidence for a graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes
Blood,
August 28, 2002;
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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. Hunault-Berger, N. Ifrah, and P. Solal-Celigny
Intensive therapies in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Blood,
July 30, 2002;
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M. E. H. M. Van Hoef ; and S. Mackinnon
Nonmyeloablative transplantation challenged by experimentation
Blood,
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S. Chakrabarti, S. Mackinnon, R. Chopra, P. D. Kottaridis, K. Peggs, P. O'Gorman, R. Chakraverty, T. Marshall, H. Osman, P. Mahendra, et al.
High incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation: potential role of Campath-1H in delaying immune reconstitution
Blood,
May 29, 2002;
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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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F. R. Appelbaum and B. Sandmaier
Sensitivity of Renal Cell Cancer to Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantations: Unusual or Unusually Important?
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April 15, 2002;
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T. Saito, Y. Kanda, M. Kami, K. Kato, N. Shoji, S. Kanai, T. Ohnishi, Y. Kawano, K. Nakai, T. Ogasawara, et al.
Therapeutic Potential of a Reduced-Intensity Preparative Regimen for Allogeneic Transplantation with Cladribine, Busulfan, and Antithymocyte Globulin against Advanced/Refractory Acute Leukemia/Lymphoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 1, 2002;
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1014 - 1020.
[Abstract]
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S. M. Devine, R. Hoffman, A. Verma, R. Shah, B. A. Bradlow, W. Stock, V. Maynard, E. Jessop, D. Peace, M. Huml, et al.
Allogeneic blood cell transplantation following reduced-intensity conditioning is effective therapy for older patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Blood,
March 15, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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R. Chakraverty, K. Peggs, R. Chopra, D. W. Milligan, P. D. Kottaridis, S. Verfuerth, J. Geary, D. Thuraisundaram, K. Branson, S. Chakrabarti, et al.
Limiting transplantation-related mortality following unrelated donor stem cell transplantation by using a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen
Blood,
February 1, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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B. J. Druker, S. G. O'Brien, J. Cortes, and J. Radich
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Hematology,
January 1, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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D. Hoelzer, N. Gokbuget, O. Ottmann, C.-H. Pui, M. V. Relling, F. R. Appelbaum, J. J.M. van Dongen, and T. Szczepanski
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hematology,
January 1, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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D. G. Maloney, B. M. Sandmaier, S. Mackinnon, and J. A. Shizuru
Non-Myeloablative Transplantation
Hematology,
January 1, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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P. Corradini, C. Tarella, A. Olivieri, A. M. Gianni, C. Voena, F. Zallio, M. Ladetto, M. Falda, M. Lucesole, A. Dodero, et al.
Reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allografting of hematopoietic cells can produce clinical and molecular remissions in patients with poor-risk hematologic malignancies
Blood,
January 1, 2002;
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[Abstract]
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G. Socie, R. A. Clift, D. Blaise, A. Devergie, O. Ringden, P. J. Martin, M. Remberger, H. J. Deeg, T. Ruutu, M. Michallet, et al.
Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide compared with total-body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide before marrow transplantation for myeloid leukemia: long-term follow-up of 4 randomized studies
Blood,
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[Abstract]
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R. F. Storb, R. Champlin, S. R. Riddell, M. Murata, S. Bryant, and E. H. Warren
Non-Myeloablative Transplants for Malignant Disease
Hematology,
January 1, 2001;
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[Abstract]
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