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CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS
From the Unité de Médecine Transfusionnelle
et d'Hémovigilance, the Comité de Sécurité
Transfusionnelle et d'Hémovigilance, and the Service
d'Epidémiologie et de Biostatistique, Institut Gustave Roussy,
Villejuif, France; UPRES-EA 2284/Inserm E 0119 Etablissement
Français du Sang- Bourgogne/Franche-Comté,
Besançon, France; Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital
Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; and Unité de Transplantation
Médullaire, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
Several acute hemolysis episodes, sometimes lethal, have been
recently described after transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood
hematopoietic stem cells (PBHSCs). Hemolysis resulted from the
production of donor-derived antibodies (Abs) directed at ABO antigens
(Ags) present on recipient red blood cells (RBCs). A multicenter
randomized phase III clinical study comparing allogeneic PBHSC
transplantation (PBHSCT) versus bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (BMHSCT) has been conducted in France. In the course of
this study, serum anti-A and/or anti-B Ab titers were compared before
the conditioning regimen and on day +30 after transplantation in 49 consecutive evaluable PBHSCT (n = 21) or BMHSCT (n = 28)
recipients. PBHSCT resulted in a higher frequency of increased anti-A
and/or anti-B Ab titers 30 days after transplantation as compared to
BMHSCT: 8 (38%) of 21 versus 3 (11%) of 28 (P = .04).
In PBHSCT recipients, increased titers were observed mostly after
receiving a minor ABO mismatch transplant: 5 of 7 versus 3 of 14 in the
absence of any minor ABO mismatch (P = .05), whereas this
was not the case after BMHSCT: 1 of 8 versus 2 of 20. Anti-A and/or
anti-B serum Abs detectable at day +30 after PBHSCT were always
directed against A and/or B Ags absent both on donor and recipient
RBCs. Finally, 3 of 21 PBHSCT versus 0 of 28 BMHSCT recipients
developed anti-allogeneic RBC Abs other than ABO
(P = .07). Overall, the data strongly suggest that
immunohematologic reconstitution differs significantly after
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized PBHSCT when
compared to BMHSCT. Such a difference could contribute to the acute
hemolysis described after PBHSCT as well as to distinct alloreactivity
after PBHSCT. This article has been cited by other articles:
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| Copyright © 2001 by American Society of Hematology Online ISSN: 1528-0020 | |||||||||